The topoisomerase I inhibitor GL147211C [7-[(4-methylpiperazino)methyl]-10,11-(ethylenedioxy)-(20S)-campto thecin trifluoroacetate], a camptothecin analogue, has significant activity in tumor cell cytotoxicity assays in vitro and antitumor activity in both animal tumor models and human patients. Its toxicity is significant, however, effectively limiting the amount of drug that can be administer...

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) is a causative organism of typhoid fever. A number of Salmonella serovars express a capsular polysaccharide antigen known as Vi, the biosynthetic and export proteins of which are encoded within the viaB locus of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island -7 (SPI-7). SPI-7 is inserted between two partially duplicated copies of tRNA -pheU gene. We have investiga...

Software Process Improvement (SPI) became known in the last twenty years. SPI is crucial to augment software process capabilities in software companies to face present demanding and global market. There were numerous published studies in United States, Europe, Australia and North America. Yet, there was still being short of research and published studies on SPI in Malaysia. This research attemp...

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of SPI-0211 (lubiprostone), a novel bicyclic fatty acid in development for the treatment of bowel dysfunction. Adult rabbit intestine was shown to contain mRNA for ClC-2 using RT-PCR, Northern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization. T84 cells grown to confluence on permeable supports were shown to express ClC-2 channel protein...

Spi-C is an E26 transformation-specific family transcription factor that is highly related to PU.1 and Spi-B. Spi-C is expressed in developing B cells, but its function in B cell development and function is not well characterized. To determine whether Spi-C functions as a negative regulator of Spi-B (encoded by Spib), mice were generated that were germline knockout for Spib and heterozygous for...

We have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. Our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired num...

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is produced primarily by stimulated monocytes, suggesting that the IL1B gene, which codes for this protein, depends upon at least one cell-type-specific factor. Our previous characterization of the IL1B promoter indicated that the region between -131 and +12 is sufficient to direct cell-type-specific expression of a reporter gene (F. Shirakawa, K. Saito, C.A. Bona...

OBJECTIVES To identify factors affecting doctors' engagement with the Safer Patients Initiative (SPI). DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING Four organisations participating in phase 1 of the SPI programme, from four different geographical locations in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 34 staff members, comprising senior executive/management leads involved in the SPI programme, the principal SPI...

Fis, one of the most important nucleoid-associated proteins, functions as a global regulator of transcription in bacteria that has been comprehensively studied in Escherichia coli K12. Fis also influences the virulence of Salmonella enterica and pathogenic E. coli by regulating their virulence genes, however, the relevant mechanism is unclear. In this report, using combined RNA-seq and chromati...