Autophagy is mediated by a unique organelle, the autophagosome. Autophagosome formation involves a number of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and complicated membrane dynamics. Although the hierarchical relationships of ATG proteins have been investigated, how individual ATG proteins or their complexes contribute to the organization of the autophagic membrane remains largely unknown. Here, syst...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-LPD) following bone marrow transplantation can be fatal. The major risk factors for the development of EBV-LPD are ex vivo T-cell depletion or in vivo T-cell depletion with either antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. Between March 1999 and January 2001, a total of 23 transplants with ATG of equin...

Involution is the process of post-lactational mammary gland regression to quiescence and it involves secretory epithelial cell death, stroma remodeling and gland repopulation by adipocytes. Though reportedly accompanying apoptosis, the role of autophagy in involution has not yet been determined. We now report that autophagy-related (ATG) proteins mediate dead cell clearance and suppress inflamm...

Thymoglobulin (ATG) is a polyclonal rabbit antibody against human thymocytes used as a T cell-depleting agent to prevent or treat allotransplant rejection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low dose ATG treatment exclusively on T cells using a humanized BALB/c human CD3Ɛ transgenic mouse model expressing both human and murine T cell receptors (TCR). Mice received a s...

Autophagy induced by nutrient depletion is involved in survival during starvation conditions. In addition to starvation-induced autophagy, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also has a constitutive autophagy-like system, the Cvt pathway. Among 31 autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, the function of Atg17, Atg29, and Atg31 is required specifically for autophagy. In this study, we investigated the r...

To investigate the influence of sequence context of translation initiation codon on translation efficiency in Kinetoplastida, we constructed a library of expression plasmids randomized in the three nucleotides prefacing ATG of a reporter gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). All 64 possible combinations of pre-ATG triplets were individually stably integrated into the rDNA loc...

BACKGROUND The therapeutic efficacy of horse antilymphocyte globulins (ALG) or of rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG), used for both the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection has been well documented. However, clinical use of these heterologous antibodies can result in the production of antibodies against horse or rabbit proteins and in the development of serum sickness via circulati...

عصاره گیاه رزماری، 4 برابر آنتی­اکسیدان‌­های مصنوعی مانند BHT و BHA خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی دارد. رزمارینیک اسید نه تنها به دلیل خواص قوی مورد توجه است بلکه خصوصیات ضدالتهابی، ضدتوموری، ضدباکتریایی، ضدویروسی ضدسرطانی را نیز در پژوهش‌­های مختلف نشان داده است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات دما، زمان، pH غلظت پرتودیده نشان‌دارسازی آن با رادیوایزوتوپ گالیم-67 عنوان یک عامل تصویربرداری وضوح بالا برای تو...