We first introduce a second-order Krylov subspace Gn(A,B;u) based on a pair of square matrices A and B and a vector u. The subspace is spanned by a sequence of vectors defined via a second-order linear homogeneous recurrence relation with coefficient matrices A and B and an initial vector u. It generalizes the well-known Krylov subspace Kn(A;v), which is spanned by a sequence of vectors defined...

Ca(2+) influx by store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs) mediates all Ca(2+)-dependent cell functions, but excess Ca(2+) influx is highly toxic. The molecular components of SOC are the pore-forming Orai1 channel and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor STIM1. Slow Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation (SCDI) of Orai1 guards against cell damage, but its molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we used hom...

This report describes a theory of garden path phenomena that is emerging from work on NL-Soar, a computational model of language comprehension embedded within the Soar architecture. The theory is constrained by a corpus of two kinds of sentences: garden paths (GP), which reveal the limitations of human comprehension in dealing with local ambiguities, and non-garden-paths (NGP), which reveal its...

Environmental health risk assessors are challenged to understand and incorporate new data streams as the field of toxicology continues to adopt new molecular and systems biology technologies. Systematic screening reviews can help risk assessors and assessment teams determine which studies to consider for inclusion in a human health assessment. A tool for systematic reviews should be standardize...

The last 20 years have seen Colombian film production soar. Two cinema laws, one in 2003 and the other 2012, allowed for an increase of films employability this ...

Psychologists have developed many models of graph comprehension, most of them descriptive, some computational. We map the descriptive models into requirements for a cognitive architecture that can be used to build predictive computational models. General symbolic architectures such as Act-R and Soar satisfy the requirements except for those to support mental imagery operations required for many...

The results of speckle interferometric observations at the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) telescope in 2014 are given. A total of 1641 observations were taken, yielding 1636 measurements of 1218 resolved binary and multiple stars and 577 non-resolutions of 441 targets. We resolved for the first time 56 pairs, including some nearby astrometric or spectroscopic binaries and ten ...

2. The Need for Knowledge Integration in Algorithm Designing algorithms requires diverse knowledge about general problem-solving, algorithm design, implementation techniques, and the application domain. The knowledge can come from a variety of sources, including previous design experience, and the ability to integrate larowledge from such diverse sources appears critical to the success of human...

845 news & views occur when deliberately using specific non-stoichiometric growth conditions. Until now, it had been generally thought that Ruddlesden–Popper phases grow in the same layer-by-layer order that their constituent monolayers are deposited. These latest results undermine this assumption, with dramatic consequences for the controlled production of high-quality thin films and their res...