First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a delay within the AV conduction system and is defined as a prolongation of the PR interval beyond the upper limit of what is considered normal (generally 0.20 s). Up until recently, first-degree AV block was considered an entirely benign condition. In fact, some complain that it is a misnomer since there is only delay and no actual block in the AV co...

To evaluate the significance of the refractory period and conduction time of the AV node for reentrant tachycardias incorporating the AV node, the effective refractory period of the AV node (ERP) and AH interval (AH) during atrial pacing at various cycle lengths were measured in 12 anesthetized dogs after verapamil administration. ERP-AH tended to be constant in each dog at different cycle leng...

Cyber security threats are still big concerns of the cyber world. Even though many defense techniques have been proposed and used so far, the antivirus (AV) software is very widely used and recommended for the end-usersPC community. Most effective AV products are commercial and thus competitive and it is not obvious for security researchers or system developers how exactly the AV works or how i...

BACKGROUND During development, AV conduction switches from base-to-apex to apex-to-base conduction after emergence of the conduction system. We hypothesize that after this transition, the bulk of the AV ring, although no longer required for AV conduction, remains transiently able to conduct, providing a potential arrhythmia substrate. We studied AV conduction during this transition and its sens...

We gave atropine intravenously to autonomically decentralized, open-chest, anesthetized dogs and stimulated the discrete intracardiac sympathetic nerve fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) (SAS stimulation) or atrioventricular (AV) (AVS stimulation) nodal region. A brief burst of neural stimuli was delivered during each cardiac cycle. SAS stimulation consistently decreased the atrial cycle length but ...

A case presenting with AV nodal escape rhythms after obvious sinus depression is described. The escape rhythms arise from two dissociated AV nodal pacemakers with differential physiological properties. Variation in the rate of the upper AV nodal pacemaker results in a form of escape-capture bigeminy. Temporary acceleration of the sinus rhythm results in dissociation between sinus and lower AV n...

This is an anatomic study of 96 hearts with straddling or displaced atrioventricular (AV) valves and orifices. In the complete form, both the annulus and the peripheral connections of either AV valve straddle a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and connect to both ventricles. In the annular form, only the annulus, and in the peripheral type only the peripheral connections of the valve are found i...

In the Essential Health Benefits, Actuarial Value, and Accreditation final rule, published in the Federal Register, HHS requires use of an AV Calculator by non-grandfathered health insurance plans offered in the individual and small group markets, both inside and outside of the Affordable Insurance Exchanges (Exchanges) for the purposes of determining levels of coverage. Section 1302(d)(2)(A) o...

State of the art sensors within a single autonomous vehicle (AV) can produce video and LIDAR data at rates greater than 30 GB/hour. Unsurprisingly, even small AV research teams can accumulate tens of terabytes of sensor data from multiple trips and multiple vehicles. AV practitioners would like to extract information about specific locations or specific situations for further study, but are oft...