MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay is a method that validates the viability of an active cell. Dehydrogenase in mitochondria converts yellow colored insoluble tetrazolium salt to purple colored watersoluble formazan. Sperm also have mitochondria in the midpiece, therefore sperm viability could be evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Several studi...

PURPOSE Boston Terriers (BTs) have a greater prevalence of corneal endothelial dystrophy (CED), in comparison to other canine breeds. Similar to Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), this condition is characterized by endothelial cell degeneration with secondary corneal edema. This study assessed corneal morphology using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and Fourier-domain optical coher...

The anticorrosive agents 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BT), 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4 Me-BT) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5 Me-BT), which are usually added to dishwasher detergents, automotive antifreeze formulations and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids (ADAFs), were measured in river water. Samples were collected from 15 sampling sites in the mainstream and selected tributaries of a medium-size...

In this letter, we provide a formal framework for comparing the expressive power of Behavior Trees (BTs) to other action selection architectures. Taking inspiration from analogous comparisons structural programming methodologies, formalise concept `expressiveness'. This leads us an expressiveness hierarchy control architectures, which includes BTs, Decision (DTs), Teleo-reactive Programs (TRs) ...

The basic concept adopted in the cellular code division multiple access (CDMA)-based navigation system proposed in [1] very much resembles the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The proposed system setup employs CDMA base transceiver stations (BTS) with an auxiliary mapping receiver used for estimating the BTS clock biases. The estimated BTS clock biases and the pseudorange measurem...

This article presents a distributed antenna system (DAS) architecture for small-cell base stations (BTSs), whereby cooperation between the DAS infrastructure and the BTS allows for an increase in performance compared to conventional systems, while at the same time keeping complexity and cost at low levels. Specifically, the article investigates the improvements in uplink physical layer performa...

Definition of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) CAP can be defined clinically as the presence of signs and symptoms of pneumonia in a previously healthy child due to an acute infection (of less than 14 days’ duration) of the lower respiratory tract (usually occurs below terminal bronchioles) leading to cough or difficult breathing, tachypnoea, or lower chest-wall indrawing, which has been acqu...

High-frequency stimulation of skeletal muscle has long been associated with ionic perturbations, resulting in the loss of membrane excitability, which may prevent action potential propagation and result in skeletal muscle fatigue. Associated with intense skeletal muscle contractions are large changes in muscle metabolites. However, the role of metabolites in the loss of muscle excitability is n...

Overview The United States Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) is developing its confidentiality policy which is based on its legislative mandate (49 U.S.C. 111(i)) to protect individually identifiable information. Because the field of statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) research is still evolving, BTS wants to take advantage of the latest SDL research i...

It was the aim of the present study to test whey as protective protein for the sperm cell in the long-term boar semen preservation medium TRIXcell. Analyses of sperm cell motility using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) indicated that the whey protein Porex has a similar protective effect as bovine serum albumin (BSA) in maintaining viability of stored boar sperm. Boar sperm diluted in TR...