Training state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) models requires scaling to many compute nodes and relies heavily on collective communication operations, such as all-reduce, exchange the weight gradients between nodes. The overhead of these operations can bottleneck training performance number increases. In this paper, we first characterize all-reduce operation overhead. Then, propose a n...

Abstract. Hurricane Irene generated strong near-inertial currents (NICs) in ocean waters when passing over the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) of US East Coast late August 2011. It is demonstrated that a combination valuable field data and detailed model results can be taken advantage to study development decay mechanism this event. Numerical obtained with Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) are s...

Here, five bonds to carbon through tri-coordination are theoretically established in the global minimum energy isomers of Al3C3− anion (1a) and Al3C3 neutral (1n) for first time. Various Al3C3−/0 identified using density functional theory at PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level. Chemical bonding features thoroughly analyzed these two (1a 1n) with different topological quantum chemical tools, such as adaptiv...

one main group of organic chemistry is related to the aromatic compounds. in the present work, we replaced the ch group of benzene by silicon and nitrogen analogues. then, density functional theory (dft) calculations were carried out for six-membered heterocyclic si-n aromatic rings. full geometry optimizations were performed in gas-phase, and at b3lyp level using 6-311++g(d,p) and cbsb7 basis ...

Oxidation of m- and p-substituted benzylidene fluorenes to antiaromatic dications was attempted by electrochemical and chemical means. Electrochemical oxidation to dications was successful for benzylidene fluorenes with p-methoxy, p-methyl, p-fluoro, and unsubstituted phenyl rings in the 3-position; attempts to oxidize the m-substituted derivatives via electrochemistry were unsuccessful. Chemic...

Equation of state and viriai coefficients of an ideal gas with fractional exclusion (i.L. ualdane_wu) statistics in arbitrary dimensions are derived herein, using the quantum statistical mecha,nics formulation for pressure and density of the system in terms of the D-dimensional momentum representation. The relationship between the convergence of the virial expansion and the existence of condens...

Using the bidirectional NICS scan method in conjunction with two-photon absorption (TPA) measurements, it has proved possible to determine the relationship between pi-conjugation and aromaticity in two structurally related expanded porphyrin systems, sapphyrin and inverted sapphyrin, and establish that differences in these defining factors depend on the presence or absence of a key sp3 hybrid m...