Asa Fitch, in his description of a new species of Cuterebra that he nzrr'ed, "emaseulator," was the first to suggest that bot flies castrated their mammalian hosts. In recent years several major review papers and parasitology texts have continued to perpetuate this belief. A review of both the literature on bot flies and their hosts and of the life cycles of both bots and hosts provides no evid...

1. BONNER, J. and FOSTER, R. J. The growth-time relationships of the auxin-induced growth in Avena coleoptile sections. Jour. Exptl. Bot. 6: 293-302. 1955. 2. COOIL, B. and BONNER, J. Effects of calcium and potassium ions on the auxin-induced growth of Avena coleoptile sections. Planta (In press). 3. HEYN, A. N. J. Der Mechanisms der Zellstreckung. Rec. trav. bot. neerl. 28: 113-244. 1931. 4. H...

BACKGROUND In patients with type-2 diabetes receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), the addition of insulin is frequently required to achieve sufficient control over blood glucose levels. It is, however, difficult to predict if, when and in which patients insulin therapy will be needed. We aimed to identify patient related variables associated with the addition of basal insulin to oral therap...

Tydskrif vir Letterkunde is an online, peer-reviewed, accredited scholarly journal which publishes original, previously unpublished research and overview articles on theoretical, applied or comparative aspects of African literatures cultural practices.

UNLABELLED (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00223.x, 2012) Aims/Introduction:  We assessed the efficacy of liraglutide therapy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently controlled with basal-supported oral therapy (BOT). MATERIALS AND METHODS   We retrospectively analyzed the data of 37 patients who had postprandial hyperglycemia (≥10.0 mmol/L) with BOT (long-acting...

Given the ubiquity and evolutionary importance of parasites, their effect on the energy budget of mammals remains surprisingly unclear. The eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus (L., 1758)) is a burrowing rodent that is commonly infected by cuterebrid bot fly (Cuterebra emasculator Fitch, 1856) larvae. We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) and cold-induced VO2-max (under heliox atmosphere) in 20...

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical usefulness of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT) using insulin glargine in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We compared HbA1c levels, body weight, and insulin doses before the introduction of BOT and in the final month of the observation period in 122 patients with type 2 diabetes who received BOT with insulin glargine between October 2007 an...