Objective  The retroviral genes encoding Syncytin-1 ( SYN1 ) and Syncytin-2 ( SYN2 ) are epigenetically regulated, uniquely expressed in the placenta and critical to placental function. We sought to determine if placental expression and methylation patterns of SYN1 and SYN2 from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) differed from physiologic small for gestational age (SGA) a...

Data from 55 preterm SGA infants and 55 preterm AGA infants matched for gestational age and sex were reviewed retrospectively. An increased incidence of perinatal hypoxia (30 vs. 18), gastrointestinal problems, minor infections (27 vs. 9), hematological problems and increased mortality (21.8% vs. 7.2%) was observed in the SGA infants. The incidence of HMD was higher in the AGA group (not signif...

OBJECTIVES Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to infants being born small for gestational age (SGA). SGA is associated with differences in brain anatomy and impaired cognition. We investigated learning and memory in children born SGA using neuropsychological testing and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). STUDY DESIGN 18 children born appropriate for gestational age (AG...

Aim: To describe the risk factors in the mothers which could contribute to the SGA babies and acute complications in SGA babies. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in the Departments of Obstetrics and Paediatric Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from March 2013 to December 2013. A total of 50 small for gestational age full term newborns were included in the study. Result: The resu...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate cardiovascular function in children who were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective study including 100 controls and 50 children diagnosed in utero as SGA after 34 weeks subdivided into the following categories: SGA and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) according to the absence or presence, respect...

In order to solve the premature convergence and improve the optimization ability of simple genetic algorithm (SGA) in the complex function optimization, an improved differential evolution based-genetic algorithm (DGA) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the selection and crossover operation of SGA, the adaptive differential evolution operator is used as the main optimization method to re...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to infants being born small for gestational age (SGA). SGA is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as short stature, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia and end-stage renal disease in adulthood. In addition, SGA children have decreased levels of intelligence and cognition...

Nutrition screening to identify patients at risk of malnutrition is vital for cancer patients because of the high prevalence of malnutrition in this population. The aim of the present study was to compare different methods of nutrition assessment in patients with tumors. From June 2013 to June 2014, we conducted an observational multicenter study to compare the assessment of nutritional status ...

OBJECTIVES Small for gestational age (SGA) is considered as an indicator of intrauterine growth restriction, and multiple maternal and newborn characteristics have been identified as risk factors for SGA. This knowledge is mainly based on measures of average association (ie, OR) that quantify differences in average risk between exposed and unexposed groups. Nevertheless, average associations do...

BACKGROUND Arm throwing represents a deciding element in handball. Ball velocity, aim accuracy, and dynamic stability of the shoulder are factors that influence throwing effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle fatigue caused by simulated game activities (SGA) on shoulder rotational isokinetic muscle strength, muscle balance and throwing performance, and t...