When parallel applications are run in large-scale distributed environments, such as grids, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, and clouds, the set of resources used can change dynamically as machines crash, reservations end, and new resources become available. It is vital for applications to respond to these changes. Therefore, it is necessary to keep track of the available resources—a problem which is...

Cooperation, Competition, and Risk Attitudes: An Intergenerational Field and Laboratory Experiment The population of most developed societies is ‘graying’. As life expectancy increases and the large baby-boom generation approaches retirement age, this has critical consequences for maintaining a high standard of living and the sustainability of pension systems. In the light of these labor-force ...

This paper presents a review of non-experimental methods for the evaluation of social programmes. We consider matching and selection methods and analyse each for cross-section, repeated crosssection and longitudinal data. The methods are assessed drawing on evidence from labour market programmes in the UK and in the US. JEL classification: J38, H3, C2. I. AN OVERVIEW OF THE EVALUATION PROBLEM T...

How does the minimum wage affect crime rates? Empirical research suggests that increasing a worker’s wage can deter him from committing crimes. On the other hand, if that worker becomes displaced as a result of the minimum wage, he may be more likely to commit a crime. In this paper, I describe a frictional world in which a worker’s criminal actions are linked to his labor market outcomes. The ...