Many engineers come into the performance world from different backgrounds and lack the appropriate education. For example, a software developer may be challenged to look at the performance problems in some code and might transition into software testing as a result. He learns what he needs to know on-the-fly. Many times, he does not know that he needs to know something and does what he can. If ...

Do analysts serve as external monitors to managers, or do they put excessive pressure on managers? This study examines the role analysts play in corporate governance by focusing on the effect that their scrutiny has on earnings management. Controlling for other firm characteristics, including institutional ownership, I find that firms followed by more analysts manage their earnings less. To add...