Injection of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells is known as useful for activation cellular immune system. Although the effect LAK has been clarified in human or mice, this on function not examined calves. Healthy ten Holstein calves were injected with 2 days after birth (LAK Group), and another eight observed controls (Control Group). All received colostrum formulation day birth, then, ino...

A combination vaccine (Bovi-Shield FP4 + L5, Pfizer Animal Health) containing modified-live virus (MLV) components against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV), parainfluenza virus-3 (PI3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and inactivated cultures of Leptospira canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona was evaluated for safety in pregn...

Bovine natural killer (NK) cells were originally defined by the NK activation receptor CD335 [natural killer cell p46-related protein (NKp46)], but following the discovery of NKp46 expression on human T-cells, the definition of conventional bovine NK cells was modified to CD335+CD3- cells. Recently, a bovine T-cell population co-expressing CD335 was identified and these non-conventional T-cells...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), a member of the alpha-herpesvirinae sub-family, causes significant losses to the cattle industry. BHV-1 establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic sensory neurons, but periodically reactivates from latency. Previous studies suggested that infection with BHV-1-induced novel morphological changes in rabbit skin (RS) cells versus bovine kidney cells (MDBK). Conseque...

The immediate-early transactivator protein BICPO is a key regulatory element of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) replication based on transient expression assays. To examine BICPO function in the context of the viral genome, we created recombinant BHV-1 expressing beta-galactosidase instead of BICPO. To complement the defect, a neomycin resistant MDBK cell line (M164) expressing BICPO was establish...

Baculovirus (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis)-expressed bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoproteins B (gB), gC, and gD were developed and characterized. The recombinant proteins retained their antigenic properties as determined by immunoblotting against monoclonal antibodies. The proteins were examined as antigens for detection of BHV-1 infection and for the analysis of antibody resp...

A molecular and serological survey of selected viruses in free-ranging wild ruminants was conducted in 13 different districts in Iran. Samples were collected from 64 small wild ruminants belonging to four different species including 25 Mouflon (Ovis orientalis), 22 wild goat (Capra aegagrus), nine Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) and eight Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) during the na...

Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), genus Rhadinovirus, is a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae with a worldwide distribution. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the virus in mastitis and/or subclinical mastitis in the Canadian dairy herds.Milk samples from 176 dairy cows were divided into 2 main groups; “A” contained samples with no bacterial isolates, ...