An optical photobleaching technique has been used to measure the reorientation of dilute probes in freestanding polystyrene films as thin as 14 nm. Temperature-ramping and isothermal anisotropy measurements reveal the existence of two subsets of probe molecules with different dynamics. While the slow subset shows bulk-like dynamics, the more mobile subset reorients within a few hundred seconds ...

Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) is the major polymer used for photovoltaic (PV) modules encapsulation. Its degree of cross-linking (related to its gel content) is taken as a major quality reference. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been proven to be fast and effective but is to determine the gel content, however, destructive for the PV module. With the aim to develop a non-des...

a novel discrete singular convolution (dsc)  formulation  is  presented for the seepage analysis in irregular geometric porous media. the dsc is a new promising numerical approach which has been recently applied to solve several engineering problems. for a medium with regular geometry, realizing of the dsc for the seepage analysis is straight forward. but dsc implementation for a medium with ir...