Simple modular di- and tripeptides with a primary amine at the N-terminus catalyze the aqueous asymmetric aldol reaction between unmodified ketones and aldehydes to furnish the corresponding beta-hydroxy ketones with up to 86% ee in water and 99% ee in aqueous media.

A new method for the synthesis of pyran fused coumarins by 3-bromo-4-hydroxycoumarins as cyclic α-halo ketones based on an organocatalyst assisted three-component tandem reaction is investigated. To the best of our knowledge, cyclic α-halo ketones have not yet been used for the synthesis of pyran fused coumarins.

[chemical reaction: see text]. Direct addition of Grignard reagents to acid chlorides in the presence of bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether proceeds selectively to provide aryl ketones in high yields. A possible tridentate interaction between Grignard reagents and bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether moderates the reactivity of Grignard reagents, preventing the newly formed ketones from nuc...

The α-arylation of enolizable aryl ketones can be carried out with aryl halides under transition-metal-free conditions using KOtBu in DMF. The α-aryl ketones thus obtained can be used for step- and cost-economic syntheses of fused heterocycles and Tamoxifen. Mechanistic studies demonstrate the synergetic role of base and solvent for the initiation of the radical process.

Efficient asymmetric bio-epoxidation of electron-deficient α,β-unsaturated ketones was realized via a tandem reduction-epoxidation-dehydrogenation cascade, which proceeds in a switchable manner to afford either chiral epoxy ketones or allylic epoxy alcohols with up to >99% yield and >99%ee.

Five new bulky moiety-modified analogues of the sandalwood odorant Polysantol have been synthesized by aldol condensation of appropriate aldehydes with butanone, deconjugative alpha-methylation of the resulting alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, and reduction of the corresponding beta,gamma-unsaturated ketones. The final compounds were evaluated organoleptically and one of them seemed to be of spe...

1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered methyl palmoxirate were studied in streptozotocin/alloxan-induced diabetic dogs. 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of methyl palmoxirate produced statistically significant reductions of plasma glucose (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and ketones (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), wi...

Until recently the views prevalent in the literature with respect to ketone formation in the normal and diabetic organism were as follows: The long fatty acid carbon chains are split by successive /3 oxidation, 2 carbons at a time, with the formation of intermediate shorter fatty acids and acetic acid (Knoop hypothesis). Normally this process continues to completion, but in the absence of suffi...

Ketones (principally β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (AcAc)) are an important alternative fuel to glucose for the human brain, but their utilisation by the brain remains poorly understood. Our objective was to use positron emission tomography (PET) to assess the impact of diet-induced moderate ketosis on cerebral metabolic rate of acetoacetate (CMRa) and glucose (CMRglc) in healthy adults. T...

Absolute rate constants for hydrogen abstraction from 4-methylphenol (para-cresol) by the lowest triplet states of 24 aromatic ketones have been determined in acetonitrile solution at 23 degrees C, and the results combined with previously reported data for roughly a dozen other compounds under identical conditions. The ketones studied include various ring-substituted benzophenones and acetophen...