background: vaginal sonograghy and serial -hcg are the most common diagnostic methods for ectopic pregnancy but about 50% of cases are initially misdiagnosed. in tubal pregnancy the zygote lies next to the muscular layer, and this invasion causes an increase in creatine phosphokinase (cpk) in blood. objective: assessment of cpk and its isoenzyme cpk-mb as a diagnostic marker for tubal pregnanc...

background: fetal nasal bone assessment is a non-invasive procedure that helps provide even greater assurance to patients undergoing their first trimester risk assessment for aneuploidies. absence or presence of this factor is different in some races. objective: the study was aimed to evaluate nasal bone in the first trimester of pregnancy in the indigenous population of khuzestan province, and...

Dear Editor, Short-tailed sperms are rarely encountered in clinical practice, but they make achieving fertilization difficult. We encountered a very rare case of an infertile man having short-tailed sperm. A 32-year-old Chinese farmer and his 27-year-old wife were referred to Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital for a fertility evaluation. They were married in March 2008, and after 3 years,...

INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal seminoma is a very rare form of cancer, with embryological origin represented by primordial germ cells from the urogenital ridges left behind during the fetal development. Extragenital germ cell tumors can also occur in the mediastinum or the pineal gland. The aim of this paper is to outline the particularities and draw embryological, histopatological and treatment ...

extramedullary plasmacytomas are plasma cell tumors that arise outside the bone marrow. they are most often located in the head and neck. extramedullary plasmacytomas account for approximately 3 percent of plasma cell malignancies. the diagnosis of an extramedullary plasmacytoma depends upon the demonstration of a monoclonal plasma cell tumor at an extramedullary site with no evidence of multip...

BACKGROUNDS the prevalence of infertility is up to 10 to 15 % which 9 to 24 % of them are Poor Ovarian Responders (POR). This study was designed to compare two methods of GnRH Agonist Microdose Flareup (MF) and GnRH Antagonist/Letrozole (AL) in treatment of these patients. METHODS & MATERIALS this randomized clinical trial study consisted of 123 patients. In the first step of treatment in bot...