In order to achieve the ambitious objective of decarbonising the economy, it is mandatory, especially in Europe and in Italy, to include the retrofitting of existing buildings. In a country where a large share of existing buildings have heritage value, it is important to design effective retrofit solutions also in historical buildings. In this context, the paper describes the experience of re-d...

in recent years, the issue of energy consumption modeling techniques in the building sector has been widely considered by researchers and managers. researches indicate that energy consumption in residential sector is one of the main parts of the total consumption. moreover, the urban residence is supposed as a significant consumer of energy in every country and therefore a focus for energy cons...

Nowadays, the increase of fossil fuel consumption intensifies the crucial role of architects. As buildings consume over one-third of the used energy, the society of architects is held responsible for this consumption. Therefore, the amount of energy used by a building is directly related to its design; meaning that reduction of energy consumption should be targeted at the design stage. In this ...

A zero net energy (ZNE) building produces as much energy on-site as it uses annually -with a grid-tied, netmetered photovoltaic (PV) system and active solar water heating. On a plot of annual costs (the sum of utility bills and mortgage payments for energy options) versus percent energy savings, the path to ZNE extends from a base case building through a series of energy-saving designs to the Z...