[1] The February 2001 eruption of Cleveland Volcano, Alaska allowed for comparisons of volcanic ash detection using two-band thermal infrared (10–12 mm) remote sensing from MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES 10. Results show that high latitude GOES volcanic cloud sensing the range of about 50 to 65 N is significantly enhanced. For the Cleveland volcanic clouds the MODIS and AVHRR data have zenith angles 6–...

Neutrinos produced as decay products in hadronic showers from cosmic ray collisions with nuclei in the upper atmosphere have been observed by several detectors [1–7]. Although the absolute fluxes of atmospheric neutrinos are largely uncertain, the expected ratio (μ/e) of the muon neutrino flux (νμ + ν̄μ) over the electron neutrino flux (νe + ν̄e) is robust, since it largely cancels out the uncert...

[1] In this paper we present validation results of the total ozone column data products of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the NASA EOS-AURA satellite through comparisons with ground-based observations by Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometer instruments. Quality-controlled and archived total ozone column data from these ground-based instruments located at stations worldwide have b...

The “filling-in” (FI) of Fraunhofer lines, often referred to as the Ring effect, was examined using measurements of near ultraviolet sunlight scattered from the zenith sky above Boulder, Colorado during July and August 2005. The FI of the 344.1 nm Fe I line was directly determined by comparing direct sun and cloud-free zenith sky spectra recorded on the same day. The results, obtained over sola...

Crown porosity influences radiation interception, air movement through the fruit orchard, spray penetration, and harvesting operation in fruit crops. The aim of the present study was to develop an accurate and reliable methodology based on transmitted radiation measurements to assess the porosity of traditional olive trees under different pruning treatments. Transmitted radiation was employed a...