in recent century, sustainability has been the most important feature especially in economic, social and environmental issues. so that it has always been the main concern of regional, national and even international planners as the consequent challenges were the main threat to achieving sustainable development of human society. in this study, all aspects of sustainability including environmenta...

due to agriculture is a risky activity and risk models is important in order to analyze the behavior of farmers, hence, in this study, the factors affecting risk-taking and risk aversion is the region grape growers. data analysis was performed by using stochastic frontier. data gathered by questionnaires at three counties of zabol, hirmand and zahak at 265 grape farmers in crop year of 2011-201...

Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) are the key players in township tourism sector, which contributes substantially to growth of economy South Africa. Township SMMEs critical uplifting rural economies. However, they remain marginalized continue struggle be sustainable. The following paper explains how much use stay aims identify involved tourism. also establish factors influencing sust...

Objective: This study carried out to monitor the status of nutritional management and measuring difference between present and desired feeding system in dairy cattle of rural conditions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Methods: 334 rural flocks consisting of 1442 dairy cows were selected from seven towns of this province. The experiment was lasted for in a year and using completely randomized desi...

Recently, the spatial contradiction in rural construction has intensified. Production–living–ecological (PLE) spaces, as important load-bearing patterns of revitalization, have become a research focus territorial space planning. Because lack studies on scale and accuracy at township level PLE objective this study is to quantify subfunctional functional areas weigh relationship between functions...

Objective: This study carried out to monitor the status of nutritional management and measuring difference between present and desired feeding system in dairy cattle of rural conditions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Methods: 334 rural flocks consisting of 1442 dairy cows were selected from seven towns of this province. The experiment was lasted for in a year and using completely randomized desi...

The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding of wealth, poverty, inequality and unemployment in South African Black (African) children aged 7, 9, 11 and 14 drawn from a rural, an urban and a semi-urban setting. Two hundred and twenty-®ve children (80 rural, 60 urban and 85 semi-urban) were interviewed individually in Setswana, their mother tongue. The urban children were living in ...

Recent years have witnessed the revival of organised mass opposition to Apartheid. Fighting in the townships, labour unrest, classroom revolts, rent strikes, consumer boycotts, worker stayaways and guerilla warfare all these have become familiar features of South Africa's political landscape since 1976. From the inception of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983, though, radical black oppos...

A prospective survey of social mixing patterns relevant to respiratory disease transmission by large droplets (e.g., influenza) or small droplet nuclei (e.g., tuberculosis) was performed in a South African township in 2010. A total of 571 randomly selected participants recorded the numbers, times, and locations of close contacts (physical/nonphysical) and indoor casual contacts met daily. The m...