In object-oriented systems, object associations generally result in a complex structure whose precise description is a crucial part of the sys-tem's formal speciication. A particularly common object association arises when one object exclusively controls (owns) another. As exclusive object control is an important aspect of safety and security critical systems, speciic notation to capture direct...

Abstract Many atomic descriptors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S e.g. length body-ordered descriptors, such as SOAP power spectrum (3-body) and (ACE) (multiple body-orders), scales ( N ) ν where + 1 is body-order radial basis functions used in density expansion. We introduce two distinct approaches which can be to overcome this for spec...

This paper specifies the formal semantics of XSLT. Using Object-Z specification language to describe each constructs of the language as objects, the stylesheet itself was specified by underlying objects. This work will contribute to the implementation of XSLT.

The MPEG-7 standards defines a set of descriptors to characterize the content of visual media [l, 2]. These visual descriptors, such as color and texture descriptors, have undergone extensive evaluation and development based on the application of retrieval ranking. Specifically, under query-by-example (QBE) paradigm, average normalized modified retrieval rank (ANMRR), a rate-accuracy like perfo...