Human Y chromosome is clonally inherited and show extensive variation owing to large-scale mutations. Studies have shown that distal-Yq heterochromatin changed its length 12 times, the TSPY gene array, 23 times, the 3.6-Mb IR3/IR3 region underwent sequence re-orientation 12 times and the AZFc region rearranged 20 times. Molecular lineages of the Y chromosome encompassing 1.3 million years or 52...

The bimodal karyotype of pig appears to contain two types of constitutive heterochromatin, reflecting different satellite DNA families: GC-rich heterochromatin located mainly in the centromeric regions of the biarmed chromosomes, and less-GC-rich heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of the one-armed chromosomes. In order to better discriminate this constitutive heterochromatin, we treated...

Fixed chromosomes from human amniotic fluid cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were digested in situ with exonuclease III and the single stranded DNA obtained was used as template for an in situ random primer extension. Under these conditions an R banding pattern, more evident in lymphocytes than in amniocytes, was obtained. Nevertheless, constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 16, Y...

Heat shock transcription factor, Y-linked (HSFY) is a member of the heat shock transcriptional factor (HSF) family that is found in multiple copies on the Y chromosome and conserved in a number of species. Its function still remains unknown but in humans it is thought to play a role in spermatogenesis. Through real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses we determined that the HSFY family...

The PEA3 (polyoma enhancer activator 3) group members [ERM (ETS-related molecule), ER81 (ETS-related 81) and PEA3] of the Ets transcription factor family are involved in migration and dissemination processes during organogenesis and cancer development. In the present study, we report that the hnRNP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein)-like protein CoAA (Coactivator activator) interacts wit...

Letm(y)=∑j=1yj/n and s(y)= √ m(y2)−m2(y) be themean and the standard deviation of the components of the vector y = (y1, y2, . . . , yn−1, yn), where yq = (y 1 , y 2 , . . . , y n−1, y n) with q a positive integer. Here, we prove that if y ≥ 0, then m(y2p) + (1/√n− 1)s(y2p) ≤ √ m(y2 ) + (1/ √ n− 1)s(y2 ) for p = 0,1,2, . . . . The equality holds if and only if the (n − 1) largest components of y...

The steady-state form of the Klein-Gordon equation is given by (•) Au = u-u3, u = u(X), X&R3. 3 For solutions which are spherically symmetric, (*) takes the form ü + lujr = u — u , 3 u = u(r), where r is the distance from the origin in R . The function y = ru satisfies (* *) j' = y y ¡r . It is known that (•*) has solutions {yn}n=Q, where yn has exactly n zeros in (0, °°), and where y(0) = y(°°...

The first motivation1 for yq collisions was indeed the study of C = +l resonances. After the pioneer works listed in Ref. 1, one can trace back from the four preceeding 7~ workshops2-5 and other high energy physics conference8 how the subject developed since this time. The theoretical concern progressively evolved from kinematical considerations (properties of the eSe+ e+e-X processes) to dynam...

Male infertility is often described in terms of role played by Y chromosome and Yq microdeletions. But studies have shown that X chromosome, being enriched for testis specific genes plays a significant role in formation of mature spermatozoa. The couple under study had undergone treatments for infertility including 7 Intrauterine inseminations (IUI) and 6 Invitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles but ...

Although a Y specific growth gene(s) has been postulated in the Yq11 region, the precise location has not been determined. To localise the growth gene(s), we correlated genotype with stature in 13 Japanese and four European non-mosaic adult male patients with a partial Yq deletion. Fourteen patients preserving the region between DYS11 and DYS246 did not have short stature (11 Japanese, 165-180 ...