Using data from the Assets and Debts Survey of 1984 and the Survey of Financial Security of 1999, we document the evolution of wealth inequality in Canada between 1984 and 1999. Our main findings are as follows: 1) wealth inequality has increased between 1984 and 1999, 2) the growth in wealth inequality has been associated with substantial declines in real average and median wealth for young co...

Top income inequality rose sharply in the United States over the last 35 years but increased only slightly in economies like France and Japan. Why? This paper explores amodel inwhich heterogeneous entrepreneurs, broadly interpreted, exert effort to generate exponential growth in their incomes. On its own, this force leads to rising inequality. Creative destruction by outside innovators restrain...

The dynamical behaviors of stochastic neural networks have appeared as a novel subject of research and applications, such as optimization, control, and image processing(see [1-12]). Obviously, finding stability criteria for these neural networks becomes an attractive research problem of importance. Some well results have just appeared, for example, in [1-5], for stochastic delayed Hopfield neur...

Inequality in weekly earnings increased in the eighties in Canada. The growth in inequality occurred in conjunction with three facts. First, real hourly wages of young workers dropped more than 10%. Second, the percentage of employees working 35-40 hours per week in their main job fell and the fraction of employees working 50 hours or more per week rose. Third, there was a growing tendency for ...

Using population and product consumption data from the Demographic and Health Surveys I construct comparable measures of inequality and migration for 65 countries, including some of the poorest countries in the world. I find that the urban-rural gap accounts for 40% of mean country inequality and much of its cross-country variation. One out of every four or five individuals raised in rural area...

In this article, a generalized midpoint-type Hermite–Hadamard inequality and Pachpatte-type via new fractional integral operator associated with the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative are presented. Furthermore, identity for differentiable convex functions of first order is proved. Then, taking into account as an auxiliary result assistance Hölder, power-mean, Young, Jensen inequality, some estimations...

we derive whole series of new integral inequalities of the hardy-type, with non-conjugate exponents. first, we prove and discuss two equivalent general inequa-li-ties of such type, as well as their corresponding reverse inequalities. general results are then applied to special hardy-type kernel and power weights. also, some estimates of weight functions and constant factors are obtained. ...

This commentary addresses the high homicide rates among young Black men in Toronto, Ontario. It posits that homicide among this population is an unrecognized major public health crisis that should be a priority for the field. The author suggests that the dramatic rate of Black homicides in Toronto is a consequence of income inequality, poverty, poor quality of life, mental health risks, and sus...

Abstract Rawls argued that fairness in human societies can be achieved if decisions about the distribution of societal rewards are made from behind a veil ignorance, which obscures personal gains result. Whether ignorance promotes animal societies, is, resources to reduce inequality, is unknown. Here we show experimentally cooperatively breeding banded mongooses, acting over kinship, allocate p...