The formation of surface multilayer structures, induced by the addition multivalent counterions in dilute surfactant solutions, has been widely observed a range anionic surfactants. phenomenon is associated with ability to manipulate properties, especially promotion enhanced wetting, and presence an extensive near reservoir for rapid delivery other active components. Hypothesis. In single alkyl...

Negatively charged globular proteins in solution undergo a condensation upon adding trivalent counterions between two critical concentrations C and C, C <C. This reentrant condensation behavior above C is caused by short-ranged electrostatic interactions between multivalent cations and acidic residues, mechanistically different from the case of DNA. Small-angle x-ray scattering indicates a shor...

The chromatographic behaviour of algal chlorophylls under ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography conditions has been tested either on monomeric and polymeric octadecylsilica columns. Three five-carbon amino compounds (pentylamine, piperidine and pyridine), differing in their molecular shapes and chemical properties, have been used as counterions. The monomeric octadecylsilica column did ...

We report results from a molecular dynamics simulation on the conformations of a long flexible polyelectrolyte complexed to a charged sphere, both negatively charged, in the presence of neutralizing counterions in the strong Coulomb coupling regime. The structure of this complex is very sensitive to the charge density of the polyelectrolyte. For a fully charged polyelectrolyte the polymer forms...

Abstract Heteroditopic calix[6]arenes are extensively exploited as synthetic receptors and molecular components of supramolecular threaded interlocked structures. We describe the synthesis two novel calix[6]arene macrocycles, upper rim which is functionalized with either or three phenylthioureido groups. These moieties excellent hydrogen‐bond donors largely affect conformation macrocycle, both ...

Critical temperatures, T(c), densities, rho(c), and coexistence curves for 2:1 and 3:1 hard-core model electrolytes have been found by fine-discretization Monte Carlo simulation. The size ratio of + and - ions strongly affects T(c) and rho(c); the trends contradict most current theories. Large multivalent ions screened by small monovalent counterions exhibit normal gas-liquid transitions of dir...

By using 1-methyl-4-(carbomethoxy)pyridinium (MCMP+) as counterions, two iodoargentate hybrids, 1D [MCMP][AgI2] (1) and 3D [MCMP][Ag3I4] (2) have been synthesized and they exhibit rare electron transfer photochromism with a fast response rate, a wide response range and a long-lived charge-separated state in iodometallate systems. Noteworthily, the marked differences in the structure and photoch...