Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) encounter computational difficulties in the presence of a graph with high treewidth. This paper introduces a new type of model, the Crossover Random Field (XRF), designed to cope with these difficulties. An XRF consists of a sequence of “layers”, each of which is a tractable CRF. Inference of marginals takes place layer by layer, with the marginals from one laye...

Investigations of the chemical composition kidney stones are essential for understanding nature formation and development preventative treatment methods. Instrumental activation analysis radiations significant tools determining stones. Kidney varying compositions were investigated through use X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Materials can be observed in two very dif...

Applicability of PGAA on pottery archaeometry has been proved in investigations of pre-Columbian figurines from Venezuela. PGAA is a non-destructive bulk analytical method, capable to determine concentration of majorand some trace components. We take part in the MÖB-DAAD project aimed to investigate Hungarian Neolithic pottery, and also in an IAEA CRP with more methodological objectives. Within...

Zinc is an essential element that can be found in bones, such as calcium and phosphorus. It seems to have effects on growth, bone turnover and mineralization making its relationship with bones still opening. The goal of this study is, by XRF analysis, characterized bone samples, with and without pathology, in the trabeculae region. For that purpose, it was used an XRF beam line at the Synchrotr...

Confocal X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry can be used to perform three-dimensional elemental analysis, which is impossible using general micro XRF without any collimating optics in the detection channel. In this study, we designed, for first time, a new confocal line (C-L-XRF) system that obtain information of larger area and higher intensity analysis than conventional point (C-P-XRF) anal...

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HANDHELD X-RAY FLUORESENCE INSTRUMENTATION The introduction of new large area silicon drift detectors to handheld XRF technology expands technique capabilities with greater analytical range and lower detection limits James Pasmore, Director, Business Development [email protected] Thermo Niton Analyzers LLC Thermo Fisher Scientific 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Buil...

Abstract In this work, we tested a setup of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) excited by proton-induced quasi-monochromatic X-rays (proton-induced XRF (PIXRF)) as low-radiation dose analytical technique for precious cultural heritage samples. The low-dose performance the PIXRF is experimentally assessed in comparison with conventional XRF. For assessment, prepared test samples, which simulated original ...

Combined microscopic X-ray fluorescence/microscopic X-ray diffraction (μ-XRF/μ-XRD) tomography is a recently developed method that allows the visualization of the distribution of chemical elements and the associated crystalline phases inside complex, heterogeneous materials of extended thickness (millimeter range) in a nondestructive fashion. In this paper, the accuracy and resolution with whic...

Introduction: The Stardust mission to comet Wild 2 has provided numerous extraterrestrial particles and resulting 'tracks' of finer particles in melted silica aerogel [1]. We have utilized a combination of Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy (LCSM) and Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to characterize a variety of whole tracks both morphologically and chemically, all in 3-dimensions [2]. The ...