Utterances of counterfactual conditionals are typically attended by the information that their antecedents are false. But there is as yet no account of the source of this information that is both detailed and complete. This paper describes the problem of counterfactual antecedent falsity and argues that the problem can be addressed by appeal to an adequate account of the presuppositions of vari...

The traditional engineering approach to error estimation assumes that we know the probabilities of different values of measurement error ∆xi def = e xi − xi. Yet in many practical situations, we only know the upper bound ∆i for this error. Hence after the measurement, the only information that we have about xi is that it belongs to the interval xi def = [e xi−∆i, e xi+∆i]. In this case, we have...

We investigate the stability of generalizedderivations on Banach algebras with a bounded central approximateidentity. We show that every approximate generalized derivation inthe sense of Rassias, is an exact generalized derivation. Also thestability problem of generalized derivations on the faithful Banachalgebras is investigated.

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias and the Isac and Rassias-type stability of the conditional of orthogonally ring $*$-$n$-derivation and orthogonally ring $*$-$n$-homomorphism on $C^*$-algebras. As a consequence of this, we prove the hyperstability of orthogonally ring $*$-$n$-derivation and orthogonally ring $*$-$n$-homomorphism on $C^*$-algebras.

Let A be a unital R-algebra and M be a unital A-bimodule. It is shown that every Jordan derivation of the trivial extension of A by M, under some conditions, is the sum of a derivation and an antiderivation.

Flowering plants have evolved multigene families of the class XI myosin motors, the functions of which remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated functional profiles of the Arabidopsis myosins that belong to two paralogous pairs, XI-K/XI-1 and XI-2/XI-B, using single and double gene-knockout mutants. It was found that the myosins XI-K, XI-2, and XI-B, but not XI-1 have overlapping and addi...

Factor XI deficiency, an injury-related bleeding disorder, is rare worldwide but common in Jews in whom 2 mutations, Glu117Stop (type II) and Phe283Leu (type III), prevail. Mean factor XI activities in homozygotes for Glu117Stop and for Phe283Leu are 1 and 10 U/dL, respectively. Inhibitors to factor XI in patients with severe factor XI deficiency have been reported in a small number of instance...

The symbol (XI)κ (with κ ≥ ω) denotes the space XI := Πi∈I Xi with the κ-box topology; this has as base all sets of the form U = Πi∈I Ui with Ui open in Xi and with |{i ∈ I : Ui 6= Xi}| < κ. The symbols w, d and S denote respectively weight, density character, and Souslin number. Generalizing familiar, classical results, the authors show inter alia: Theorem 3.10(b). If κ ≤ α+, |I| = α and each ...

Human factor XI, a plasma glycoprotein required for normal haemostasis, is a homodimer (160 kDa) formed by a single interchain disulphide bond linking the Cys-321 of each Apple 4 domain. Bovine, porcine and murine factor XI are also disulphide-linked homodimers. Rabbit factor XI, however, is an 80 kDa polypeptide on non-reducing SDS/PAGE, suggesting that rabbit factor XI exists and functions ph...

Thrombin can activate factor XI in the presence of dextran sulfate or sulfatides. However, a physiological cofactor for thrombin activation of factor XI has not been identified. We examined this question in a cell-based, tissue factor-initiated model system. In the absence of factor XII, factor XI enhanced thrombin generation in this model. The effect on thrombin generation was reproduced by 2 ...