نتایج جستجو برای: xdr

تعداد نتایج: 1279  

2012
Sheela V. Shenoi Ralph P. Brooks Russell Barbour Frederick L. Altice Daniel Zelterman Anthony P. Moll Iqbal Master Theo L. van der Merwe Gerald H. Friedland

BACKGROUND Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat to global public health. Patients with extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), particularly those with HIV-coinfection, experience high and accelerated mortality with limited available interventions. To determine modifiable factors associated with survival, we evaluated XDR-TB patients from a community-based hospital in rural South A...

Journal: :The European respiratory journal 2007
G B Migliori G Besozzi E Girardi K Kliiman C Lange O S Toungoussova G Ferrara D M Cirillo A Gori A Matteelli A Spanevello L R Codecasa M C Raviglione

Currently, no information is available on the effect of resistance/susceptibility to first-line drugs different from isoniazid and rifampicin in determining the outcome of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients, and whether being XDR-TB is a more accurate indicator of poor clinical outcome than being resistant to all first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. To investigate thi...

2014
Alberto Matteelli Alberto Roggi Anna CC Carvalho

The advent of antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) represented a major breakthrough in the fight against the disease. However, since its first use, antibiotic therapy has been associated with the emergence of resistance to drugs. The incorrect use of anti-TB drugs, either due to prescription errors, low patient compliance, or poor quality of drugs, led to the widespread emergence ...

2014
Omar Cáceres Nalin Rastogi Carlos Bartra David Couvin Marco Galarza Luis Asencios Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

BACKGROUND Peru holds the fourth highest burden of tuberculosis in the Americas. Despite an apparently well-functioning DOTS control program, the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to increase. To worsen this situation, cases of extensively drug resistance tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been detected. Little information exists about the genetic diversity of drug-susce...

Journal: :American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2008
Doh Hyung Kim Hee Jin Kim Seung-Kyu Park Suck-Jun Kong Young Sam Kim Tae-Hyung Kim Eun Kyung Kim Ki Man Lee Sung Soon Lee Jae Seuk Park Won-Jung Koh Chang-Hoon Lee Ji Yeon Kim Tae Sun Shim

RATIONALE The increasing worldwide incidence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has emerged as a threat to public health and tuberculosis (TB) control. Treatment outcomes have varied among studies, and data on long-term survival are still scarce. OBJECTIVES To retrospectively assess the burden, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and long-term survival rate of patie...

Journal: :The European respiratory journal 2013
Eric Chung Ching Leung Chi Chiu Leung Kai Man Kam Wing Wai Yew Kwok Chiu Chang Wai Man Leung Cheuk Ming Tam

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)- tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB reportedly lead to increased household transmission. This is a retrospective cohort study of active TB occurring among household contacts exposed to MDR-TB. Of 704 contacts in 246 households, initial screening identified 12 (1.7%) TB cases (prevalent cases) and 17 (2.4%) contacts that subsequently developed act...

2016
Kiatichai Faksri Jun Hao Tan Areeya Disratthakit Eryu Xia Therdsak Prammananan Prapat Suriyaphol Chiea Chuen Khor Yik-Ying Teo Rick Twee-Hee Ong Angkana Chaiprasert

Multi-drug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR and XDR-TB) are problems that threaten public health worldwide. Only some genetic markers associated with drug-resistant TB are known. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a promising tool for distinguishing between re-infection and persistent infection in isolates taken at different times from a single patient, but has not yet been applie...

Journal: :Lancet 2012
Keertan Dheda Giovanni B Migliori

Before eff ective treatment for tuberculosis became available thousands of people spent time in sanatoria (fi gure) in the hope of a cure through fresh air, sunlight, adequate nutrition, and micronutrients such as calcium. 1 Surgical techniques to promote part or complete lung collapse (eg, artifi cial pneumothorax, plombage, and thoracoplasty) were also used. 1 Although no controlled studies h...

2015
Yi Hu Qi Zhao Jim Werngren Sven Hoffner Vinod K. Diwan Biao Xu

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) patients with multiple episodes of anti-TB treatment represent an important source of TB transmission, as well as a serious threat to the control of drug resistant TB, due to the high risk of multidrug and extensively drug resistance (MDR/XDR) and elongating infectiousness of this patient group. In this study we analyzed the possible risk of development and transmis...

Journal: :The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2017
Aditya Sharma Andrew Hill Ekaterina Kurbatova Martie van der Walt Charlotte Kvasnovsky Thelma E Tupasi Janice C Caoili Maria Tarcela Gler Grigory V Volchenkov Boris Y Kazennyy Olga V Demikhova Jaime Bayona Carmen Contreras Martin Yagui Vaira Leimane Sang Nae Cho Hee Jin Kim Kai Kliiman Somsak Akksilp Ruwen Jou Julia Ershova Tracy Dalton Peter Cegielski

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis are emerging worldwide. The Green Light Committee initiative supported programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in 90 countries. We used estimates from the Preserving Effective TB Treatment Study to predict MDR and XDR tuberculosis trends in four countries with a high burden of MDR tuberculosis:...

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