A Midsummer Reminiscence In June of 1957 word came to me in Zurich that Dr. Fulton was gravely ill. He had recently arrived in London to celebrate the Harvey Tercen-tenary and was to go on from there to Oxford to receive an honorary degree. He had rallied from critical illnesses before, but this time it seemed that the end had come. I boarded a plane for London. The muffled roar of the all-but-...

This paper deals with the history of Density-Wave Spiral Theories in the 1960s. The motivation to write the paper was the publication of two papers on the history of these theories (Pasha 2004a, b). Pasha's papers tell only a part of the story that took place on the Western side of the Iron Curtain in the 1960s. But giving only a part of the full story is a distortion of historical truth. Impor...

The fig tree is pollinated only by the insect Blastophaga grossorun. The larva of the insect lives in the ovary of the fig tree, and there it gets its food. The tree and the insect are thus heavily interdependent: the tree cannot reproduce without the insect; the insect cannot eat without the tree; together, they constitute not only a viable but a productive and thriving partnership. This coope...

For adults, written spelling is generally superior to oral spelling. To determine whether the same holds true for children in kindergarten through second grade, we compared children’s ability to spell real words (Experiment 1) and nonsense words (Experiment 2) orally and in writing. Building on the work of Tangel and Blachman (1992, 1995) and others, we developed a reliable system to assess the...

In classification ratemaking, the multiplicative and additive models derived by actuaries are based on two common methods; minimum bias and maximum likelihood. These models are already considered as established and standard, particularly in automobile and general liability insurance. This paper aims to identify the relationship between both methods by rewriting the equations of both minimum bia...