We examined the relationship between the community structure of wood-decaying fungi, detected by high-throughput sequencing, and the decomposition rate using 13 years of data from a forest dynamics plot. For molecular analysis and wood density measurements, drill dust samples were collected from logs and stumps of Fagus and Quercus in the plot. Regression using a negative exponential model betw...

The aging process of material is an unavoidable natural phenomenon. Thus, several CG techniques for representing aging phenomena, such as metal corrosion and stone weathering, have been studied. In this paper, we propose a visual simulation method of wood weathering. First, we present the wood model in consideration of branching. Then, we give the algorithm for representing the weathering of th...

Converting wood to grid quality methane allows to distribute a CO2 free, renewable enery resource in a conventional energy distribution system and use it in transportation applications. Using a previously developed thermo–economic process model for thermochemical production of synthetic natural gas from wood and applying a multi–objective optimisation algorithm, the present paper assesses the p...

BACKGROUND Lumber treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) compounds has been used in residential outdoor wood structures and public playgrounds. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted a probabilistic assessment of children's exposure to arsenic using the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation model for the wood preservative scenario (SHEDS-Wood). The assessment...

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) was used to adhesively reinforce Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood specimens. This study examined the flexural static and creep performances of CFPR-reinforced wood composites that had been subjected to changes in moisture and stress levels. The major findings were as follows: 1) the cyclic creep was slightly lower for those specimens subjected to...

Brown-rot fungi are Basidiomycetes that remove cellulose and other polysaccharides from wood, leaving an amorphous, brown, crumbly residue that is composed largely of lignin, hence the name brown-rot. Decay by brown-rot fungi is by far the most serious type of damage to wood in-service. These fungi cause structural failure before losses in total wood substance are detected. The effect of brown-...

Wood shrinks during drying with the departure of bond water. Along the fibre direction, the magnitude of this shrinkage is mainly governed by the orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MF) in the cell wall. However, tension wood has an unexpectedly high longitudinal shrinkage considering the fact that MFs are oriented nearly parallel to the cell direction. This effect is thought to be due to th...

Wood density is thought to be an important indicator of plant life history because it is coupled to many aspects of whole-plant form and function. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to explain variation in mortality rates with wood density, drawing on data for 765,500 trees from 1639 species at 10 sites located across the Old and New World tropics. Mortality rates declined with increasing...

This paper presents a preliminary research result of spatially quantifying and allocating the potential activity of residential wood burning (RWB) by using demographic, hypsographic, climatic and topographic information as independent variables. We also introduce the method for calculating PM2.5 emission from residential wood combustion with the potential activity as primary variable. A linear ...