Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is the second most cultivated worldwide being used as a forage and cover crop. As it not domesticated, displays several wild traits including seed dormancy. The physical dormancy (PY) variation could be useful depending on specific context. High PY desirable for ley farming systems, while low needed to prevent weediness in subsequent crop rotations. Gene flow be...

introduction crop sequencing with a particular arrangement in a 2-3 or more yearly period is known as crop rotation. considering crop diversity and soil fertility crop rotation is essential because it prevents soil degradation which is a result of sequential cultivation of one crop causing nutrients imbalance, exudation of different compounds and antibiotics from crop roots. determining crops s...

The rice land is linked to the climate change due to its methane emission potential. The systems of growing rice and associated soil and crop management practices that have evolved are varied and complex. However, from the methane emission point of view, water regime is a crucial parameter. According to IPCC guidelines the rice ecosystem need to be categorized into four strata for methane emiss...

th (Hafmer, 1998) and was introduced in India in 16 century from Malacca (Kumar and Abraham, 1983). Papaya is one of the most important fruit crops of Hawaii, Malaysia, Burma, Sri Lanka, India, Queens Land, South Africa, and other tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Papaya occupies 2.0 per cent total fruit crop area and 5.3 per cent of total fruit production in India (5381.73 thou...

Objective: Citrus (Citrus reticulata) is one of the most important horticultural plant in Iran and weed management throuth ecological methods such as cover crop is a proper option in orchard management practices. Methods: The experiment was designed as a split plot on the base of complete randomized block design with four replications in Mazandaran Province, Sari, Voushka county from 2...

Objective: Citrus (Citrus reticulata) is one of the most important horticultural plant in Iran and weed management throuth ecological methods such as cover crop is a proper option in orchard management practices. Methods: The experiment was designed as a split plot on the base of complete randomized block design with four replications in Mazandaran Province, Sari, Voushka county from 2...

Of all of humankind’s endeavours, agriculture has led to the most pressure on land, its resources and biodiversity. Over the past 50 years, the need to increase food production has resulted in the loss of one-fifth of the world’s topsoil, one-fifth of its agricultural land and onethird of its forests. To slow down, and ideally reverse, this trend in the face of a predicted population increase o...