PURPOSE In recent years, several Monte Carlo studies have been published concerning the perturbation corrections of a parallel-plate chamber in clinical electron beams. In these studies, a strong depth dependence of the relevant correction factors (p(wall) and P(cav)) for depth beyond the reference depth is recognized and it has been shown that the variation with depth is sensitive to the choic...

introduction: poor sensitivity and poor signal to noise ratio because of low injected thallium dose and presence of scattered photons are the main problems in using thallium in scintigraphic imaging of the heart. scattered photons are the main cause of degrading the contrast and resolution in spect imaging that result in error in quantification. thallium decay is very complicated and photons ar...

window analysis is a known technique to evaluate performance during the time periods based on data envelopment analysis. in application of window analysis is assumed that efficient frontier have not changed during the periods in the study. unlike the window analysis, malmquist index tries to identify difference between efficient frontiers and separated them. but the means of different frontier ...

The effectiveness of Savitzky–Golay type symmetric polynomial smoothers is known to be strongly dependent on the window size. Many authors note that selection of the appropriate window size is essential for achieving the correct trade-off between noise reduction and avoiding the introduction of bias. However, it is often overlooked that, in the case of non-stationary signals, the optimal window...

Plio–Pleistocene (3.4–0.125 Ma) post-plateau magmatism in the Meseta del Lago Buenos Aires (MLBA; 46.7jS) in southern Patagonia is linked with the formation of asthenospheric slab windows due to ridge collision along the Andean margin f 6 Ma ago. MLBA post-plateau lavas are highly alkaline (43–49% SiO2; 5–8% Na2O+K2O), relatively primitive (6–10% MgO) mafic volcanics that have strong OIB-like g...

BACKGROUND Airway remodeling in asthma and COPD results in bronchial wall thickening. The thickness of the bronchial wall can be measured in high-resolution computed tomography. The objectives of the study were to assess the bronchial lumen and wall dimensions in asthma and COPD patients, in relation to disease severity, and to compare the airway dimensions in patients with asthma and COPD. M...

The natural ventilation and the energy consumption are very important characteristics in buildings. Representation of the patterns for better natural ventilation performance versus lower increase in energy consumption is significant and useful. This study is simulating an office building in the temperate and humid climate of Rasht in Iran, and calculated the annual ventilation and the energy co...

This study was conducted to apply a phase change material (PCM) to the inner skin part of a double skin facade to positively utilize natural solar heat so that a double skin facade may not only counteract external environmental changes but also positively introduce external natural solar energy, highlighting the advantages of a double skin facade. However, PCM is currently used by impregnating ...

Methods for measuring latency contrasts are evaluated against a new method utilizing the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. They are applied on simulated data, for different signal to noise ratios and two sizes of window (broad vs narrow). The results are subjected to statistical and ROC analysis. The analysis suggests that DTW performs better than the other methods, being less sensitive to noise ...

Fenestrations of the buildings are playing an important role in building’s energy efficiency for tropical climate. The that comes from glass window into building can be restricted by providing shading on windows. So, to provide window, most common way is fixed shade like overhang and fin. Shading devices very helpful control SHGC light transmittance through fenestrations building. Most studies ...