We prove that for any constant k and any < 1, there exist bimatrix win-lose games for which every -WSNE requires supports of cardinality greater than k. To do this, we provide a graphtheoretic characterization of win-lose games that possess -WSNE with constant cardinality supports. We then apply a result in additive number theory of Haight [8] to construct win-lose games that do not satisfy the...

Research suggests that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) is only sensitive to expectancy when the prediction violation is salient. To further examine this issue, we asked participants to guess which of two virtual doors hid 5 cents. Prior to and after making their guess, participants were asked whether or not they expected to win. We extracted four conditions based on subjects' predictions ...

The Minority Game is a model of interacting agents, who try to choose between two options every day, and those who are in the minority are winners. In an earlier paper, efficient stochastic strategies for this game was analyzed when the number of agents is 3, 5, 7. When the number of agents is large, the behaviour is qualitatively different, and as the discount parameter is varied, there is a s...

BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and endocannabinoids are involved in appetite control. Recently we have demonstrated that cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonist and GLP-1 receptor agonist synergistically suppress food intake in the rat. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of GLP-1 receptor stimulation or blockade on feeding behavior in rats treated with WIN 55,21...

Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus with a tremendous impact on patients' quality of life, and it remains poorly treated. Cannabinoids relieve the signs of diabetic neuropathy in different experimental models, including streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic rodents, and they may also relieve neuropathic signs in type 2 diabetic animals. This study compar...

This article examines possibilities to develop the service sector in a peripheral area by using virtual business incubations instead of traditional, location-based business incubations. The article introduces typical characteristics of physical business incubations and compares them with features that are possible to be provided also virtually. Then, using the tourism branch in Finnish Lapland ...

Twenty mice (Mus musculus), the second filial generation offspring from a C57BL/6 and DBA/2J cross, received spatial win-shift and win-stay water escape training within a mixed design in which all mice received both types of training. Acquisition under win-shift was superior to win-stay with respect to errorless trials and latencies regardless of the order in which the procedures were experienc...

cannabis is one of the most banned drugs in the world. cannabinoid-induced dependence or withdrawal signs are indicated by the result of complex molecular mechanisms including upstream protein kinases (pks), such as an extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (erk1/2) and downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β (gsk-3β), which lead to neuronal plasticity. in this study, we examined the protectiv...