Willingness to pay is a term used in economics, which can be defined as the maximum amount a person would be prepared to pay, sacrifice or exchange in order to receive goods or services or to avoid something that is undesired. It can be used in medicine as a method for assessing the value of health benefits in a cost-benefit analysis. One indication of the importance of this concept is the prog...

the air in tehran is one of the most polluted airs in the entire world. because of the air pollution in the great tehran area, morbidity, mortality and symptoms emerge. this study has been conducted for the first time in iran. according to this study the total annual direct medical costs of morbidity estimated at us$ 3258255.48.our work also led to the estimation of an income elasticity of wtp ...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

QoS, middleware systems Middleware systems are commonly used for building distributed systems, but they provide little, if any support for altering the quality of services aspects of an application. We wish to structure middleware so that QoS development can be carried out independently from application development. Separation allows experts in QoS fields to apply their work to any application ...

Emotional intelligence is effective in foreign language learning as well all areas of life. For this reason, study was carried out to examine the relationship between willingness communicate and emotional 120 students at English Preparatory School a foundation university terms gender. The Bar-On Intelligence Inventory (Bar-On, 2003) L2 Willingness Communicate Scale (MacIntyre, et al., 2001) wer...

Erwin D. Canham, Editor in Chief of the Christian Science Monitor, will speak on "A Meeting Ground with Youth," Thursday, February 18, in the Rice University Memorial Chapel. He describes his talk as "a distillation of my service on the President's Commission (on Campus Unrest) brought up to date." Canham's talk, open to the public without dharge, is part of the Chapel Lecture Series. It is sch...

Rapid urbanization and severe air quality deterioration in Pakistan have increased citizens’s concern towards air pollution. This study, conducted in November, 2016, aimed to develop relationship between degraded air quality and resident’s willingness to pay for improved air quality in city of Lahore, Pakistan through contingent valuation method to quantify an individual’s willingness to pay fo...