according to the provisions of civil proceedings code, courts procedural principles and formalities are not required to be respected in arbitration. such provisions are differently interpreted by lawyers. some lawyers believe that since arbitration is a kind of personal judgment, it should not be subject to the civil procedure and therefore arbitrators directly or with the request of the partie...

the issue of sustainable development has been widely acknowledged and spread rapidly after united nations conference on environment and development in rio in 1992. considerable attention is given to urban settlement areas. thus, role of urban development is seen as a challenging issue under circumstances. outcomes of the current patterns of world population growth and industrial development are...

The article aims to describe the role of technology and contract in regulating access to digital content deregulating intellectual property law monopoly. In particular it argues that the anti-circumvention provisions for technological protection measures and digital rights management systems enacted in the United States and in Europe compromise the consumer’s capacity to exercise legitimate rig...

This article examines the Shuhanron emaki (The illustrated scroll of the wine and rice debate) as not only a reflection of late Muromachi-period cultural trends, but also a reworking of its sixteenth-century historical setting. The work ostensibly features three men who each argue their various positions: one extolling wine, the other rice, and the third a balance of both. Yet its references to...

While Artificial Intelligence has successfully outperformed humans in complex combinatorial games (such as chess and checkers), humans have retained their supremacy in social interactions that require intuition and adaptation, such as cooperation and coordination games. Despite significant advances in learning algorithms, most algorithms adapt at times scales which are not relevant for interact...