Variations in the solar wind density introduce variable delays into pulsar timing observations. Current pulsar timing analysis programs only implement simple models of the solar wind, which not only limit the timing accuracy, but can also affect measurements of pulsar rotational, astrometric and orbital parameters. We describe a new model of the solar wind electron density content which uses ob...

Background Small states, and in particular Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have been subject to academic discourses since quite a while. Briguglio (1995) diagnoses them economic vulnerability while some highlight particular advantages resulting from unique economic structures and processes (Bertram and Watters 1986; Poirine 1998). In Political Science small states have been subject of ref...

Physical inactivity is a seriously growing problem and public health priority among individuals worldwide. Physical inactivity contributes to the risk of breast cancer, one of the most prevalent cancer in the world (Parkin, 2011), even an increase is expected in next years of the current burden of cancer associated with physical inactivity (Wang et al., 2012; Ariza-Garcia et al., 2013). Recent ...

Phytophthora is a microbial genus that includes species causing many diseases (Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996). These species infect and kill nearly all species of deciduous fruit trees. Phytophthora crown and root rots, which are caused mainly by P. cactorum, P. megasperma, P. citrophthora, P. cinnamomi, P. cambivora, P. syringae and P. cryptogea (Sarejanni, 1935; Kouyeas, 1971; Kouyeas, 1977; Flores...

In this study, the quality of a treated wastewater for agricultural and irrigation purposes was investigated. 39 quality parameters were investigated at the entrance of an effluent channel to the destination plain in monthly time intervals during a year. The aim of this study was drawing an analogy between analyses results and the latest standards in the world (nationwide and internationally), ...

Microsoft Office Word 2007 includes a “contextual spelling checker” that is intended to find misspellings that nonetheless form correctly spelled words. In an evaluation on 1400 examples, it is found to have high precision but low recall — that is, it fails to find most errors, but when it does flag a possible error, it is almost always correct. However, its performance in terms ofF is inferior...

groundwater quality has a direct impact on human life. the main objective of this research is to investigate changes in groundwater quality and levels in lake urmia basin. tasoj and shiramin plains are selected as a study area. the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes were assessed using schoeller and wilcox diagram. according to the wilcox classification, t...

The paper in this issue by Hripcsak and Wilcox, " Reference Standards, Judges, and Comparison Subjects: Roles for Experts in Evaluating System Performance, " 1 is well written and presents a thoughtful analysis of the topic. As the authors acknowledge, however, there is more to the evaluation of clinical informatics systems than can be accomplished through comparison to experts. 2,3 Hripcsak an...