as one of the most fundamental discourses of islamic humanism and islamic education system, inner nature (fiṭra) has always been of interest to muslim thinkers, philosophers, and educators. nevertheless, given the difference of the perspective and position that each thinker has adopted, various, and to some extent, different interpretations of fiṭra have been presented; therefore, the definitio...

Scientists have described myriad traits in mammalian and avian species that evolved to attract mates. But the brain mechanisms by which conspecifics become attracted to these traits is largely unknown. Yet mammals and birds express mate preferences and make mate choices, and data suggest that this "attraction system" is associated with the dopaminergic reward system. It has been proposed that i...

Introduction The electronic editions gives essentially new features to structure and organization for searching information by the reader and the information services providers. Before the computer revolution any edition on a library shelf or under a veil of a dust on a desk, before the reader took it in his hands, meant no more than was written in its catalogue card. (Certainly, we here do not...

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people played a part in the last five years of my life that have culminated in the completion of this document. This short acknowledgement hardly touches the surface of the gratitude that I feel. The last five years have been a constant juggling act between my roles as wife, mother, student, teacher, researcher, school volunteer, advisory board member, cook, maid, drive...

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Diazinon has been used extensively in the past as part of California eradication programs for tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a soil drench, but it is being phased out for this purpose in the United States. Therefore, in this study, the toxicity of Platinum, Force, Admire, Regent, and Warrior was estimated after application to sand and soil as drenches for control of the Mediter...