One of the commonest problems of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of enamel demineralization. In the study of Gorelick et al. (1982) 1 50% of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances developed white spot lesions compared to 25% of the non-orthodontic patients. These initial lesions can be visible as soon as the fourth ...

background: oral white and red lesions are usually assumed as premalignant lesions. epidemiological characteristics of these lesions seem to be important. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the oral red and white lesions in patients referred to oral and maxillofacial pathology department in isfahan school of dentistry during last two decades. methods: in this descriptive s...

OBJECTIVES To examine the surface topographies, microhardness, and color stability of resin-infiltrated enamel lesions before and after aging challenges in vitro using three-dimensional laser scanning profilometry, surface microhardness testing, spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy. METHODS Forty human third molars were embedded in epoxy resin, and each tooth was prepared to ha...