The shells/coats of nuts and seeds are often very hard to crack. This is particularly the case with Macadamia seed coats, known to exhibit astoundingly high strength and toughness. We performed an extensive materials science characterization of the complex hierarchical structure of these coats, using light and scanning electron microscopy in 2D as well as microCT for 3D characterization. We dif...

DIVERTICULA of the alimentary tract may be congenital or acquired. The congenital variety is composed of all coats of the intestinal wall and is said to be a "true" diverticulum. The acquired variety may be either "true" or "false" depending on whether or not protrusion of the muscle coats of the intestinal wall occurs with the mucous membrane. Although the majority of acquired diverticula are ...

Vesicle and tubule transport containers move proteins and lipids from one membrane system to another. Newly forming transport containers frequently have electron-dense coats. Coats coordinate the accumulation of cargo and sculpt the membrane. Recent advances have shown that components of both COP1 and clathrin-adaptor coats share the same structure and the same motif-based cargo recognition and...

Is the rapid growth of experimental research in economics evidence of a new scientific spirit at work or merely fresh evidence of a misplaced desire to ape the methods of natural sciences? It is often argued that economic experiments are artificial in some sense which tends to render the results problematic or uninteresting. In the early part of this paper I argue that this artificiality critiq...

White horses frequently suffer from malign skin cancer and visual deficiencies owing to their high sensitivity to the ultraviolet solar radiation. Furthermore, in the wild, white horses suffer a larger predation risk than dark individuals because they can more easily be detected. In spite of their greater vulnerability, white horses have been highly appreciated for centuries owing to their natu...

Coats' disease is characterized by retinal vascular telangiectasia and subretinal and intraretinal exudation. A relatively benign form of the disease that occurs in adults is referred to as adult-onset Coats' disease. Involvement of macula in the form of macular edema and exudation are the common presenting features in both forms of the disease. We describe a rare case of adult-onset Coats' dis...