paying attention to the lingual analysis of the legal concepts and propositions is one of the most important sections studied in philosophy of law. the nature of the science of law necessitates its intermingling with words; law, contract, verdict, legal authorship, all have to be put into words to be understood and executed. the first stage of understanding a text or a speech – including a lega...

We define a new, intuitive measure for evaluating machine translation output that avoids the knowledge intensiveness of more meaning-based approaches, and the labor-intensiveness of human judgments. Translation Error Rate (TER) measures the amount of editing that a human would have to perform to change a system output so it exactly matches a reference translation. We also compute a human-target...

Finnegans Wake presents a semiotic dilemma for the reader: How is it that the Wake means anything? And, Why doesn't it mean everything? To gesture, somewhat metonymically, toward the Wake itself: It is told in sounds in utter that, in signs so adds to, in universal, in polygluttural, in each auxiliary neutral idiom, sordomutics, florilingua, sheltafocal, flayflutter, a con's cubane, a pro's tut...

the judiciary is a branch of wilayah (guardian ship). in where it has the highest value and position. and the gravest responsibility. all brancehes of wilayah are valid so long as they could implement their proper goals, islam regards a judge not as amere employees or public servants acting in a specified way, rather, it views them as a guardians and executor of justice, whose be havior is base...

Lulled into somnolence by five hundred years of print, literary analysis should awaken to the importance of media-specific analysis, a mode of critical attention which recognizes that all texts are instantiated and that the nature of themedium in which they are instantiated matters. Central to repositioning critical inquiry, so it can attend to the specificity of the medium, is a more robust no...

There are many Qur’anic verses that talk about win in the doomsday and descried it as great, clear, great victory. The victory, according to exegetes: is everyone who escapes from a calamity, he has won, is, far what hated. victory mentioned Noble Qur’an eternal does not end, which Muslims attained through their strong belief God, obedience Him, doing God commanded them do life was pleased with...

In framing the concept of rational consensus, decision theorists have tended to defer to an older, established literature on social welfare theory for guidance on how to proceed. But the uncritical adoption of standards meant to regulate the reconciliation of differing interests has unduly burdened the development of rational methods for the synthesis of differing judgments. In particular, the ...