We have performed numerical simulations of the atmosphere for typical daytime convective conditions at Chajnantor, and derived the resulting wet and dry contributions to the atmospheric phase fluctuations. The simulations show that: ◦ Dry phase fluctuations are concentrated in two layers – near to the ground, and at the temperature inversion. The wet fluctuations are concentrated at the inversi...

Wet-snow avalanches are notoriously difficult to predict; their formation mechanism is poorly understood since in situ measurements representing the thermal and mechanical evolution are difficult to perform. Instead, air temperature is commonly used as a predictor variable for days with high wet-snow avalanche danger – often with limited success. As melt water is a major driver of wet-snow inst...

The purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) index as an innovative index for evaluating of occupational heat stress in outdoor environments. 175 workers of 12 open-pit mines in Tehran, Iran were selected for this research study. First, the environmental variables such as air temperature, wet-bulb temperature, globe temperature, relative ...

The purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) index as an innovative index for evaluating of occupational heat stress in outdoor environments. 175 workers of 12 open-pit mines in Tehran, Iran were selected for this research study. First, the environmental variables such as air temperature, wet-bulb temperature, globe temperature, relative ...

background : necessity of evaluating heat stress in the workplace, require validation of indices and selection optimal index. the present study aimed to assess the precision and validity of some heat stress indices and select the optimum index for using in heavy work activities in hot and dry climates. methods: it carried out on 184 workers from 40 brick kilns workshops in the city of qom, cent...