Because elevated glucocorticoid levels can impair reproduction, populations or species that engage in particularly valuable reproductive attempts may down-regulate the glucocorticoid stress response during reproduction (the brood value hypothesis). It is not clear, however, whether individuals rapidly modulate glucocorticoid responses based on shifting cues about the likelihood of reproductive ...

Lysozyme, an antibacterial protein, has been implicated in innate immunity in invertebrates, but its activity in shrimp remained to be determined. We cloned the white shrimp lysozyme cDNA using a PCR strategy and detected its activity in haemocytes using a lytic-zone assay against Micrococcus luteus. The cloning was based on a reported EST (dbEST BE18831). The deduced amino acid sequence result...

The rapid growth of aquaculture is accompanied by increased discharge of nutrient-rich wastewaters into rivers and coastal waters leading to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Seaweeds are suitable candidates to reduce dissolved inorganic nutrient concentration discharged through aquaculture effluent, and can improve water quality and allow for sustainable aquaculture. In this s...

the effects of five different foods including: blood worm, artemia cyst, artemia mass powder, gammarus mass powder and ordinary commercial food were studied on siamese fighting fish (bettasplendens) propagation efficiency during thirty days in a randomize totally design with 4 repeats .experimental plots had been consisted of twenty 30*30*40 (cm) aquarium which a pair of male and female brood s...

In this study, effect of different levels of dietary protein (25, 35 and 45 per cent) and water salinity (0-3, 12-15 and 32-35 ppt) on antioxidant enzymes of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was studied. 324 P.vannamei (with mean weight±SE: 5.55 ± 0.18 gr) were randomly distributed in twenty seven tanks. Experimental shrimps were fed by formulated diets for 56 days and at the end of the expe...

Structural changes in Midwest agriculture over the past two decades have resulted in a number of empty and unused farm buildings. Farmers therefore have been exploring alternative uses of livestock farm buildings for the production of other cash crops, including aquaculture products. In Indiana, Pacific White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production has attracted interest, and a number of small...

Species that vary in social structure within and among populations can provide unparalleled insight into the evolution of sociality. The theridiid spider Anelosimus studiosus varies widely in its social structure at the northern edge of its range. Colony sizes range from the solitary/territorial female with her offspring to cooperative colonies of tens to hundreds of adult females. In previous ...

Cultured shrimp are often exposed to different toxic products during rearing practices that may affect survival and quality of the product. An evaluation of the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSP) from species of Gymnodinium catenatum in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been carried out in this study. Death was observed at doses > 5.0 MU (equivalent to 1.1 mug/g of STX), whil...

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) society is characterized by a helper caste of essentially sterile female bees called workers. Workers show striking changes in lifespan that correlate with changes in colony demography. When rearing sibling sisters (brood), workers survive for 3-6 weeks. When brood rearing declines, worker lifespan is 20 weeks or longer. Insects can survive unfavorable periods on endog...

background: brown rice (br) is unpolished rice with various beneficial compounds such as vitamins, magnesium and other minerals, dietary fiber, essential fatty acids, γ‑oryzanol and γ‑aminobutyric acid. in the present study, we compared the effects of white rice (wr) and br on inflammatory marker high‑sensitivity c‑reactive protein (hs‑crp) and cardiovascular risk factors among non‑menopausal o...