This study aims to determine the policy of USSR toward Kurds Türkiye between years 1945-1960. For this purpose, data were collected from archival documents, photographs, maps, videos, and Turkish, Russian, English works. The tests hypothesis that main reason for change in USSR’s towards was victorious emergence World War II. It has been determined demands USSR-West struggle influenced Türkiye. ...

The Iranian Persian chub is an endemic species of the family Cyprinidae known only from few localities in drainages of Southern Iran. It was originally described in the genus Pseudophoxinus as (Pseudophoxinus persidis) and then Petroleuciscus (as Petroleuciscus persidis). In this study, we examined phylogenetic relationships of the Iranian Persian chub with other relatives in the family Cyprini...

BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram- negative bacteria (GNB), particularly in Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have increased all over the world. ESBLs are characterized by their ability to hydrolyze β-lactams, early cephalosporins, oxyimino-thiazolyl cephalosporins, and monobactams, but not cephamyci...

BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common gastrointestinal disease in the west that has shown increasing incidence in Iran and Asian countries. The main presentations, described for GERD, are heartburn and acid regurgitation. METHODS In this cross-sectional study in 2006, all personnel of Golestan Medical University (Northeast of Iran) were enrolled. A questionnair...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is very important for the treatment of hepatitis C infection. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes in Bushehr province (South West of Iran). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 patients who were detected as positive for HCV antibody (by using ELISA method and RIBA test) referred to...

The ITE Project is a project that has 1800 km length and across the Turkey's land through east to west. The project of pipeline enters geographically from Iran to Doğubayazit (Turkey) in the east, exits to Greece from Ipsala province of Turkey in the west. This project is the one of the international projects in such scale that provides the natural gas of Iran and Caspian Sea through the Europe...