The long-standing mainstay of support for C. T. R. Wilson’s global circuit hypothesis is the similarity between the diurnal variation of thunderstorm days in universal time and the Carnegie curve of electrical potential gradient. This rough agreement has sustained the widespread view that thunderstorms are the ‘‘batteries’’ for the global electrical circuit. This study utilizes 10 years of Trop...

An archive of land-based, surface-observed cloud reports has been updated and now spans 39 years from 1971 through 2009. Cloud-type information at weather stations is available in individual reports or in long-term, seasonal, and monthly averages. A shift to a new data source and the automation of cloud reporting in some countries has reduced the number of available stations; however this datas...

The impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration as well as on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration is studied using a stochastic soil moisture model within the Budyko framework. Results indicate that given the same long-term mean annual precipitation and potential evaporation, including interannual var...

■ Abstract The influence of surface orography on patterns of precipitation gives rise to some of the most pronounced climate gradients on Earth, and plays a fundamental role in the interaction between the atmosphere and the rest of the Earth System on a wide variety of time scales. The physical mechanisms involved comprise a rich set of interactions encompassing fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, ...

dietary intake is the most important route of exposure to heavy metals for most people. rice is a staple food for iranians that, if polluted, threatens public health. cooking process may affect heavy metals content of rice. in this study, concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium (cr), nickel (ni) and cobalt (co) were measured in 3 brands of imported rice available in shiraz-iran mark...

A 23-year-old man was seen in the clinic because of progressive weakness and paresthesias. He had been well until six months earlier, when he began to have difficulty climbing a flight of stairs quickly and noted intermittent tingling of the soles of his feet and toes. Two months later, he had increasing weakness in his legs, pain in the lower back, stiffness of the hands, and intermittent numb...

Rice's only costume ball of the season, the Archi-Arts dance, will be held at River Oaks on February 21 with Lee's Owls playing. The affair will start at 10:30 and last until 3 a.m. with refreshments at midnight. Bids are on sale in sallyport and may be purchased until Tuesday noon and at the door. Date bids are priced at $3 and stags will be admitted, for $2.50, As this dance falls on the eve ...

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States D. M. Murphy, S. L. Capps, J. S. Daniel, G. J. Frost, and W. H. White Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Crocker Nuclear ...

This study was conducted for determining the plant taxa of pollen grain in atmosphere city center Sinop (Turkey) and investigating effects meteorological factors on concentration, by analyzing daily, weekly monthly changes atmosphere. The types amounts were determined using Burkard trap. On basis average 2 years (2016 - 2017), dominant trees Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (32.67%), Pinaceae (15.51%), Mo...