1 Introduction to the gas simulation methods The Navier-Stokes equations commonly encountered in fluid mechanics applications builds on the continuum approximation. When the ratio of the mean free path λ to the macroscopic length scale L, formalised by the non-dimensional Knudsen number Kn = λ/L, becomes large this approximation breaks down. The macroscopic length scale should be based on the l...

For specified program behavior and clocking overhead, there is an optimum cycle time. This can be improved somewhat by using wave pipelining, but program unpredictability ultimately limits performance by restricting both cycle time and instruction level parallelism. Algorithm and application implementation should be based on understanding of program behavior, CAD tools, and technology. System o...

In reproductive health studies, epidemiologists are often interested in examining the effects of covariates on menstrual cycle length which is a convenient, noninvasive measure of women's ovarian and reproductive function. Previous literature (Harlow and Zeger, 1991) suggests that the distribution of cycle length is a mixture of a major symmetric distribution and a component featuring a long ri...

Some of the fundamental problems of the gait control of a quadruped walking vehicle are addressed. It is shown that the product of the duty factor and the stride length is equal to the length of the boundary of the reachable area of the leg. Furthermore, the mathematical expression representing the relationship between the stability margin, the stride length and duty factor are also formulated....

In this paper, we investigate the existence of nontrivial solutions for the equation γ(G□H) = γ(G) γ(H) fixing one factor. For the complete bipartite graphs Km,n; we characterize all nontrivial solutions when m = 2, n ≥ 3 and prove the nonexistence of solutions when m, n ≥ 3. In addition, it is proved that the above equation has no nontrivial solution if H is one of the graphs obtained from Cn,...

When analysing binary data, the ease at which one can interpret results is very important. Many existing methods, however, discover either models that are difficult to read, or return so many results interpretation becomes impossible. Here, we study a fully automated approach for mining easily interpretable models for binary data. We model data hierarchically with noisy tiles—rectangles with si...

This paper describes a Minimum Message Length (MML) approach to nding the most appropriate Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to describe a given sequence of observations. A MML estimate for the expected length of a two-part message stating a speci c HMM and the observations given this model is presented along with an e ective search strategy for nding the best number of states for the model. The inform...

The influence of series elastic structures on the dynamics of the contractile machinery was examined in the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) of five male Wistar rats, with respect to enhancement of work of a muscle-tendon complex after active stretch. Imposed isotonic and isokinetic contractions were preceded by either an isometric phase (PI) or an active stretch (PS). The effects of fibre length di...

The relationships between muscle length, fractional change in length (strain) and work output during cyclic contraction were examined in scaphognathite levator muscle L2B of the green crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The muscle was subjected to sinusoidal strain at 2 Hz and to phasic stimulation in the strain cycle. At an average length and stimulus phase which are optimum for net work output, the wo...

Investigating the role of intrinsic cell heterogeneity emerging from variations in cell-cycle parameters and apoptosis is a crucial step toward better informing drug administration. Antimitotic agents, widely used in chemotherapy, target exclusively proliferative cells and commonly induce a prolonged mitotic arrest followed by cell death via apoptosis. In this paper, we developed a physiologica...