BACKGROUND The Fencl-Stewart approach to acid-base disorders uses five equations of varying complexity to estimate the base excess effects of the important components: the strong ion difference (sodium and chloride), the total weak acid concentration (albumin) and unmeasured ions. Although this approach is straightforward, most people would need a calculator to use the equations. We proposed fo...

Choice functions on tournaments always select the maximal element (Condorcet winner), provided they exist, but this property does not hold in the more general case of weak tournaments. In this paper we analyze the relationship between the usual choice functions and the set of maximal elements in weak tournaments. We introduce choice functions selecting maximal elements, whenever they exist. Mor...

A study has been made of the transmural fluxes of benzoic, phenylacetic, and pentanoic acids, benzylamine, hexylamine, and D-amphetamine across rat jejunum incubated in vitro. The M to S fluxes of the weak acids were greater than their corresponding S to M fluxes, and the S to M fluxes of the weak bases were larger than their M to S fluxes. These patterns of asymmetric movements were observed w...

in this research we have studied tabriz temperature inversion using radio-sound information, during the 2004-2008 periods in daily, monthly and seasonally scales. produced data associated with temperature inversion daily of the surface (2 meters) to 700 h.pa. several different measures are used, including the height of the base and the height of the top of the inversion, the temperature at the ...

The purpose of this paper is to construct a weak hyper semi-quantale as a generalization of the concept of semi-quantale and used it as an appropriate hyperlattice-theoretic basis to formulate new lattice-valued topological theories. Based on such weak hyper semi-quantale, we aim to construct the notion of a weak hypervalued-topology as a generalized form of the so-called lattice-valued t...

In this article we will present some problems that have weak symmetries. In contrast to a proper symmetry, a weak symmetry acts only on a subset of the variables and preserves the feasibility state only with respect to a subset of the constraints. Therefore, breaking weak symmetries with standard techniques would lead to a loss of solutions. This article presents also a modelling technique whic...

In this paper, we classify all generalized quadrangles weakly embedded of degree 2 in projective space. More exactly, given a (possibly infinite) generalized quadrangle Γ = (P,L, I ) and a map π from P (respectively L) to the set of points (respectively lines) of a projective space PG(V ), V a vector space over some skew field (not necessarily finite-dimensional), such that: (i) π is injective ...

Anomalous nonexponential relaxation in hydrated biomolecules is commonly attributed to the complexity of the free-energy landscapes, similarly to polymers and glasses. It was found recently that the hydrogen-bond breathing of terminal DNA base pairs exhibits a slow power-law relaxation attributable to weak Hamiltonian chaos, with parameters similar to experimental data. Here, the relationship i...

PURPOSE To establish normal exophthalmometry values in the adult Turkish population, and the impact of age, gender, interpupillary distance, Hertel base selection, and refractive status on globe position. METHODS Exophthalmometry measurements and refractive status of 2477 subjects were conducted in one tertiary and five primary health care centers. Change of globe position by age, intersex di...

We discuss the axioms for vertex algebras and their modules, using formal calculus. Following certain standard treatments, we take the Jacobi identity as our main axiom and we recall weak commutativity and weak associativity. We derive a third, companion property that we call “weak skew-associativity.” This third property in some sense completes an S3-symmetry of the axioms, which is related to...