To understand how the direction of root growth changes in response to obstacles, light, and gravity, we characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, wavy growth 2 (wav2), whose roots show a short-pitch pattern of wavy growth on inclined agar medium. The roots of the wav2 mutant bent with larger curvature than those of the wild-type seedlings in wavy growth and in gravitropic and phototropic re...

The present numerical investigation aims to analysis the enhancement heat transfer in nanofluid filled-complex geometries saturated with a partially layered porous medium. vertical walls of cavity are taken as complex wavy geometries. horizontal flat insulated temperature. is filled and upper half In analysis, governing equations formulated for natural convection under Boussinesq approximation ...

Motivated by physiological flows in capillaries, venules and the pleural space, the pressure-driven flow of a Newtonian fluid in a two-dimensional wavy-walled channel is investigated theoretically. The sinusoidal wavy shape is due to the configuration of underlying cells, their nuclei and intercellular junctions or clefts. The walls are lined with a thin poroelastic layer that models the glycoc...

Instability of a viscous incompressible flow in a channel with wavy walls is investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Linear stability analysis shows that appropriately chosen wall waviness leads to flow destabilization at surprisingly low Reynolds numbers. The unstable mode of disturbances forms a vortex array, which travels downstream. The remarkable feature is that the mos...

Collagen fibre organisation and fibril size were studied in the buccal gingival and hard palate mucosa of Macacus rhesus monkey. Light and electron microscopy analysis showed connective papillae exhibiting a similar inner structure in the different areas examined, but varying in distribution, shape and size. Moving from the deep to surface layers of the buccal gingival mucosa (free and attached...

Spontaneous symmetry breaking can result in emergence of complicated patterns in nature. Simple symmetry arguments can be used to describe beautiful and periodic rippled and wavy edges of flowers and leaves as well as fractal structure at the edge of a torn plastic sheet. In this paper, I will first discuss simple physical and geometrical arguments based on symmetry breaking and metrics on a cu...

In this paper we will present the results of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the flow over a small amplitude wavy wall. The evolution in space and time of particles are released in this flow will be examined. It will be shown that small waves on the channel bottom can generate large longitudinal vortices similar to Langmuir vortices that are observed in flows with waves at the free-surface...

The shape of the interface between two superimposed layers in a two-dimensional channel confined between a planar and a corrugated or indented wall is investigated in the limit of Stokes flow. A perturbation analysis for walls with small-amplitude sinusoidal corrugations reveals that an insoluble surfactant amplifies the deformation of the interface and causes a negative drift in the phase shif...

Biopsy of the lesion at scanning power shows laminar hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, slight irregular acanthosis, and a perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis (Fig. 3), in the mid reticular dermis there is an unencapsulated, poorly defined neoplasm, consisting of a symmetrically arranged proliferation of wavy spindle cells in fascicle...