By the use of wavelength-modulation diode laser spectroscopy, water vapor and oxygen are detected in scattering media nonintrusively, at 980 nm and 760 nm, respectively. The technique demonstrated is based on the fact that free gases have extremely sharp absorption structures in comparison with the broad features of bulk material. Water vapor and oxygen measurements have been performed during t...

The functional properties of six distinct electrospun silk material groups were evaluated to assess conformational and biocompatible characteristics related to wound dressings. In a hydrated state, all six silk matrices exhibited absorption, water vapor transmission, oxygen permeation and enzymatic biodegradation suitable for full-thickness wound sites. Employing constrained drying techniques, ...

This paper presents model simulation results of vapor intrusion into structures built atop sites contaminated with volatile or semi-volatile chemicals of concern. A three-dimensional finite element model was used to investigate the importance of factors that could influence vapor intrusion when the site is characterized by non-homogeneous soils. Model simulations were performed to examine how s...

In this paper, we study the application of the concept of finite-time thermodynamics to first-order phase transitions. As an example, we investigate the transition from the gaseous to the liquid state by modeling the liquification of the gas in a finite time. In particular, we introduce, state, and solve an optimal control problem in which we aim at achieving the gas-liquid first-order phase tr...

Using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), we have observed thermal water vapor emission from a roughly circular field of view approximately 75 arc seconds in diameter centered on the Orion BN-KL region. The Fabry-Perot line strengths, line widths, and spectral line shifts observed in eight transitions between 71 and 125μm show good agreement with...

the aim of this study was to investigate the rate of water vapor permeability (wvp) and moisture sorption of starch-montmorillonite (mmt) nanocomposite films. the nanocomposite films were prepared using the casting method andglycerol was used as a plasticizer. the effect of glycerol concentration on wvp of the films was determined at 25°c with a relative humidity of 0-99% (inside and outside of...

The presence of a significant barrier at the level of the capillary to the diffusion of oxygen into tissue would have major significance in biology. The rete mirabile of the eel, an organ made up of alternately disposed arterial and venous capillaries, was used to study this question. The two capillary beds were perfused with albumin-containing Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in an uncoupled co...

objective(s): the aim of this study was to insert nitrofurazone in a chitosan membrane to be used as a wound dressing.   materials and methods: several blend films using chitosan (cs) and polyvinyl alcohol (pva), containing nitrofurazone were prepared by means of casting/solvent evaporating technique. different characteristics such as mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (wvtr),...

We measured the pH, water-vapor permeability, adhesive force, peeling-force, elongation rate, support flexibility, and peeling time of medicinal and over-the-counter (OTC) tape preparations containing felbinac. When measuring the pH of each preparation, Felnabion (pH 4.5) was weakly acidic, and EMEC and Tokuon (pH 7.0) were neutral. When measuring the water-vapor permeability of each preparatio...