The extent of utilization of drought management practices by the farmers of Tafresh County was studied in a descriptive-correlational research. Statistical population consisted of all farmers in Tafresh County which summed up to around 9061 people out of which 300 farmers were taken as the sample in accordance with Cochran’s formula. The main tool of the study was a questionnaire. The validity ...

thechah nimeh reservoirs of sistan is as one of the main water sources of zabol city used for drinking, agriculture, industry and livestock purposes. this study aimed to determine the contribution of the natural and concentration factors of heavy metals such as cd, pb and cu in sediment of chah nimeh of sistan. the concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments were studied in six stations...

due to shortage of precipitation and the spatial and periodical disparity of rainfalls, iran iscounted among the arid and semi-arid countries of the world, and therefore the water utilities have put thecontrol of consumption and efficient use of water high on their priorities. water consumption management isconsidered as a field of energy management, and the impacts of effective measure related...

the increasing number of hazards related to water shortage in different parts of the world and the probability of socio-economic crisis, social stresses and even war occurrence as water shortage impacts; shows that water supply challenges will be more important and widespread than energy supply challenges in future decades. during the time, with population growth, resource demand increase and p...

Pulses are a crucial group of crops that supply high-quality protein to complement the found in cereal for large vegetarian population. Water scarcity and inefficient water management pose significant challenges pulse production, which is food security sustainable agriculture. This paper focuses on optimizing utilization production enhance crop yields mitigate impact resources. We explore vario...

In this article our objective is to obtain steady state characteristics of shunt, series, and separately excited DC motors coupled with a centrifugal water pump supplied through a step-up, step-down, and cuk converter from photovoltaic generator. We assume that there are no storage batteries and, of course, the system must operate on maximum utilization i.e. maximum water must be pumped. It is ...

A novel "photovoltaics (PV) + electrolyzer" concept is presented using a simple, small, and completely stand-alone non-biased device for solar-driven overall water splitting. Three or four spherical-shaped p-n junction silicon balls were successfully connected in series, named "SPHELAR." SPHELAR possessed small projected areas of 0.20 (3PVs) and 0.26 cm(2) (4PVs) and exhibited working voltages ...