Entitled Meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) drinking water and sanitation target A mid-term assessment of progress, the report details the progress of individual countries, regions, and the world as a whole between the MDG baseline year of 1990 and the half-way mark of 2002. It makes two significant predictions on reaching the 2015 goals, based on progress to date: • The global sani...

This paper presents a new method to calculate the freshwater target for water using networks with single contaminant. The pinch point is determined by exploiting one of the features of water-pinch-analysis: freshwater is only necessary below the pinch. With the known pinch point, the calculation of the freshwater target becomes very simple, especially for the networks with many streams. The res...

although more than 98% of the human genome is transcribed, most of these transcripts are not translated into proteins. rather, they are considered as non-coding rnas. micrornas (mirnas) are very short non-coding rnas approximately 22 nucleotides in length which regulate many key processes of cells such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis (programmed cell death) and ...

background : the protozoan parasites cryptosporidium spp. and giardia are known to occur widely in both raw and drinking waters. they are two of the causative agents of waterborne out-breaks of gastroenteritis throughout the world. in the present study, a pcr assay and fa were developed for detection of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cyst in environmental samples. methods : we have detecte...

To date, there is no analytical approach available that allows the full identification and characterization of highly complex disinfection by-product (DBP) mixtures. This study aimed at investigating chemodiversity drinking water halogenated DBPs using diverse tools: measurement adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) mass spectrometry (MS)-based target non-target workflows. Water was sampled before a...

A new method is proposed to recover the electric properties and water content of ground soil by applying Target Decomposition (TD) theory for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images. The depends on ϵ-σ characteristic curves which are unique each type at a specific frequency. This examined clayey found in most naturally vegetated land areas. Also, novel developed realistic simulati...

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are potentially toxic compounds formed when drinking water is treated with disinfectants, such as chlorine or chloramine. A large proportion of the exposure to DBPs ...