Environmental considerations will probably change automobile fuels from gasoline and gas-oil to hydrogen (as fuel cell) in the future. Problems of fossil fuels include producing gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, CO, and even SO2 (from incomplete-hydrotreated fuels), which need catalytic converters and greenhouse gas emission (such as CO2, CH4, N2O) from the exhaust with a drastic effect on globa...

The aim of this study was to analyse the transfer of steam through different types of textile layers as a function of sample parameters such as thickness and permeability. In order to simulate the human body, a cylinder releasing defined amounts of moisture was also used. The influence of sweating on heat and mass transfer was assessed. The results show that in general impermeable materials off...

A technology based upon analyses of InSAR surveys of incremental deformations over an operating geothermal field is emerging that might serve to monitor steam cap migrations on a timescale of weeks. Based upon theory developed in Horowitz and Hornby (in prep.), one can compute a harmonic potential field that has dilatational sources and sinks from 3 component surface displacement increment surv...

Qatar has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery and production of fuel oil and natural gas (NG). The natural renewable water resources (rainfall and groundwater [GW]) are depleted; and are estimated as 71-m/per year per capita in 2005. This is far below the water poverty line of 1,000-m/yca. The GW withdrawal is excessive (compared to replenishment) and is used mainly for irrig...

Pressure suppression systems in boiling water reactors a r e designed to condense a largearmunt of steam very rapidly by injecting it into a pool of water. It transpires that such condensing flows a r e unstable and can lead to large oscillatory pressures on the walls of the containment system. This paper presents a theoretical model whose purpose i s to attempt to understand why these flows ar...

Essential oils are used in a wide variety of consumer goods such as detergents, soaps, toilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks, distilled alcoholic beverages (hard drinks) and insecticides. The world production and consumption of essential oils and perfumes are increasing very fast. Production technology is an essential element to improve ...

Most parts of the electricity generating equipments in power plants work at elevated temperature and high steam pressure, including boiler, turbine and connected system of tubing and piping. The generating equipments operate with steam pressures in the range of 20MPa or even more and the steam temperature is also high in the range of 600 °C. This will be the condition of water and steam inside ...