An artificial neural network has been used to determine the volume flux and rejections of Ca2+ , Na+ and Cl¯, as a function of transmembrane pressure and concentrations of Ca2+, polyethyleneimine, and polyacrylic acid in water softening by nanofiltration process in presence of polyelectrolytes. The feed-forward multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network including an eight-neuron hidde...

in recent years dietary fibers have been considered due to its beneficial effects. since the amount of fiber in dietary diet is usually less than the recommended amount (30 gr/day), fortification of bread with fiber can play an important role to achieve its health benefits. this project was studied to investigate on the possibility of supplementation of flour with dietary fibers. two different ...

AND YUEFENG F. XIE aloacetic acids (HAAs) are a group of disinfection by-products (DBPs) regulated under the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR). The maximum contaminant level for five HAAs is 60 μg/L. These five regulated HAAs are monochloroacetic acid (ClAA), dichloroacetic acid (Cl2AA), trichloroacetic acid (Cl3AA), monobromoacetic acid (BrAA), and dibromoacetic acid ...

Porous polypropylene (PP) is commonly used as separator materials for lithium ion batteries (LIB). Its mechanical properties, especially critical for abuse tolerance and durability of LIB, are subject to change in different environments. To capture the mechanical responses of a porous PP separator, its microstructure was mapped into separate atomistic models of bulk crystalline phases and orien...

5.1 Abstract The change in the configurational enthalpy of metallic-glass-forming liquids induced by mechanical deformation and its effect on elastic softening is assessed. The acoustically measured shear modulus is found to decrease with increasing configurational enthalpy by a dependence similar to one obtained by softening via thermal annealing. This establishes that elastic softening is gov...

The aim of this study was to test the effect of fluoride rinsing on the prevention of toothbrush abrasion of softened enamel in situ. For softening, the samples were immersed in 0.1 M citric acid (pH 3.5) for 3 min. Eight test subjects had to make 5 runs in which 4 slabs per run were attached to intraoral appliances. They were as follows: (1) no softening, no fluoride rinsing (control 1); (2) s...

Along with sugar accumulation and colour development, softening is an important physiological change during the onset of ripening in fruits. In this work, we investigated the relationships among major events during softening in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) by quantifying elasticity in individual berries. In addition, we delayed softening and inhibited sugar accumulation using a mechanical growth-p...

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n N-body simulations employing particle-mesh codes have nowadays become a very powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of disc galaxies. In particular, two-dimensional N-body models in which the stars and the cold interstellar gas are treated as two different components have successfully been applied in studies of spiral structure (e.g., Salo 1991; Thomasson 1991)....

Removal of astringency by endogenously formed acetaldehyde, achieved by postharvest anaerobic treatment, is of critical importance for many types of persimmon fruit. Although an anaerobic environment accelerates de-astringency, it also has the deleterious effect of promoting excessive softening, reducing shelf life and marketability. Some hypoxia-responsive ethylene response factors (ERFs) part...