Empirical studies suggest that cost-share programs are unlikely to reduce exploitation of ground water and nonpoint-source pollution. By introducing an induced irrigation technology in our model, we find theoretically that the optimal amount of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer increases (decreases) when the increased rate of the marginal net economic benefits from their use with an indu...

A country with a surplus river basin cooperates with a country with a deficit river basin in a joint investment project to build a water canal. The benefits from the existence of the canal are realized when cooperation halts and countries will have the opportunity to engage in a non-cooperative water market game. We define an imputation distribution procedure to share the “burden” from cooperat...

We introduce and study a model of an interacting population of agents who collaborate in groups which compete for limited resources. Groups are formed by random matching agents and their worth is determined by the sum of the efforts deployed by agents in group formation. Agents, on their side, have to share their effort between contributing to their group’s chances to outcompete other groups an...

The sharing of wild plant foods is infrequent in chimpanzees, but in chimpanzee communities that engage in hunting, meat is frequently used as a 'social tool' for nurturing alliances and social bonds. Here we report the only recorded example of regular sharing of plant foods by unrelated, non-provisioned wild chimpanzees, and the contexts in which these sharing behaviours occur. From direct obs...

Ride Connect is a tool integrated into the social networking site Facebook’s (www.Facebook.com) event planning feature. Ride Connect helps people coordinate transportation to specific events. We chose to focus on undergraduate students because changes in their attitudes and habits towards shared transportation will lead to a sustainable increase in public transportation (PT) use. Ride Connect e...

Most models of computer programming explain the programmer’s behoviour by a single design strategy. This article presents o cognitive architecture that uses cue-based search to model multiple design strategies including procedural, functional, means-end or focal, and opportunistic design. The model has been implemented in an artificial intelligence (Al) system that generates Postal progroms fro...

Humans are thought to possess a unique proclivity to share with others--including strangers. This puzzling phenomenon has led many to suggest that sharing with strangers originates from human-unique language, social norms, warfare and/or cooperative breeding. However, bonobos, our closest living relative, are highly tolerant and, in the wild, are capable of having affiliative interactions with ...

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Proportional-share scheduling has been investigated by many researchers including: Wald-spurger et. al. at MIT and by Stoica et. al. at Old Dominion University. This work, however, suuers from high overhead and limited scalability problems when applied to a distributed system. This paper presents an alternative approach to proportion-share scheduling, which overcomes these problems. Our system ...