A pre-lysis buffer washing procedure was introduced to DNA extraction from a forest soil with high organic matter and iron oxide contents. Sodium phosphate of 0.1 M (pH 7.5) was used as a buffer to wash soil samples when subsequent lysis buffer was phosphate, and 20 mM EDTA (pH 7.5) was used when subsequent lysis buffer included EDTA. Initial experiments were not successful because the DNA extr...

BACKGROUND This study was performed to better assess the perceptions, motivating factors, and behaviors associated with the use of hand washing to prevent H1N1 influenza transmission during the peak pandemic period in Korea. METHODS A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was completed by 942 students at a university campus in Suwon, Korea, between December 1 and 8, 2009. The survey included q...

A best evidence topic was written according to the structured protocol. The three part question addressed was: [In patients undergoing closure of surgical wounds with sutures] does [keeping the wound dry for the first 48 h after closure] [reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs)]? 4 relevant papers were culled from the literature and appraised. The authors, date, country, populat...

Objectives To examine how the frequency of information regarding a real disease threat influences hand washing with soap. Design and setting The authors installed wireless devices in highway service station lavatories in England to record the proportion of individuals washing hands with soap from May 2009 to January 2010. Participants Participants were users of men's and women's toilets. Comb...

0963-9969/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2008.09.009 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9968256936. E-mail address: [email protected] Food safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its direct bearing on human health. The presence of harmful pesticide residues in food has caused a great concern among the consumers. Hence, world over ...

BACKGROUND Health care associated infection has been identified as one of the major challenges of modern medicine and remains as a major health concern around the globe. Hands of the health-care workers are potential vehicle for transmission of pathogenic organisms within the healthcare environment. Hand washing is widely accepted as one of the most effective measures in prevention of health ca...

We describe a microfluidic device for on-chip chemical processing, such as staining, and subsequent washing of cells. The paper introduces "separator walls" to increase the on-chip incubation time and to improve the quality of washing. Cells of interest are concentrated into a treatment stream of chemical reagents at the first separator wall for extended on-chip incubation without causing exces...

We assessed whether supplying soap to primary schools on a regular basis increased pupil hand washing and decreased Escherichia coli hand contamination. Multiple rounds of structured observations of hand washing events after latrine use were conducted in 60 Kenyan schools, and hand rinse samples were collected one time in a subset of schools. The proportion of pupils observed practicing hand wa...

Ignaz Semmelweis first linked hand washing before examining women in labor with favorable outcomes in 1847.1 Although initially ignored, hand washing has become a mainstay in reducing the spread of infections in all patient encounters. Multiple studies have confirmed that health care workers are the major cause of spreading nosocomial infections from patient to patient in the hospital setting.2...

We evaluated the utility of electronic loggers to measure the effects of a simple intervention designed to influence the rates of hand washing with soap within enclosed toilets and bathrooms in low-income urban households in Kerala, India. 58 households were given three items with embedded electronic loggers for a period of 2-5 days. Two logged soaps tracked hand and body washing in the bathroo...